用距离差交会法测定建筑物的水平位移

本文推导了用测边交会多期复测测定建筑物的水平位移时按距离差解算位移量的直接计算公式，并给出了精度公式。     

土石坝GNSS监测水平位移与库水压荷载建模分析

为揭示水库水位变化与土石坝表面位移的关系并建立相应的模型,该文收集了茜坑水库主坝体上下游多个监测点近半年的GNSS监测数据,通过解算短基线获取了各测站毫米级精度水平位移序列。结合坝体结构和水库水位监测结果,分析了库水位变化产生的面板水压荷载变化与监测站水平位移变化序列之间的关系。基于两者正相关特征,推导了水压载荷与监测点水平位移变化间简化的线性模型,并利用实测数据和最小二乘方法估计了模型参数。拟合结果表明,该模型较好地反映了水库调水期间,监测点水平位移的趋势和规律。     

利用加权整体最小二乘DSM提取DEM的方法

随着无人机航摄软硬件技术的快速发展,通过倾斜摄影三维建模快速获取DSM的成本越来越低。在小比例尺的地形图测量中,DSM若能通过快速处理得到较为精确的DEM,即可节省大量的人力物力。针对林地范围内DSM数据的特点,采用加权整体最小二乘法对DEM进行提取。     

钢卷尺悬空改正及其技术指标

为保证钢卷尺悬空丈量与水平丈量的统一,本文对钢卷尺垂曲改正进行推导。为便于改正计算,介绍国内几种型号钢卷尺的技术指标。     

大型基坑工程水平位移监测与预测结果分析

以银川大世界商务广场的基坑为例,介绍了大型基坑工程水平位移监测的实施方案,给出了水平位移监测方法的精度,并对监测成果进行了分析。在此基础上,分别用多项式拟合和时间序列分析模型两种方法进行建模,对基坑水平位移进行预测,结果表明,该基坑水平位移较小,在规范规定的要求之内,说明基坑是稳定的;时间序列分析模型的预测精度要高于多项式拟合模型的精度。     

复杂地质条件下管道定向穿越

本文介绍了天然气管道在复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越工程的施工工艺情况,结合江西天然气定向穿越成功工程实例,分析了复杂地质条件下导向孔钻进、钻具选配、泥浆配比方案等风险的防范,为类似工程的施工提供一定的参考。     

Analysis of types and changes of village-level economy in rural Gongyi city,Henan Province since 1990

Based on the research on the rural living standard in China in terms of annual net income per capita, we define six types of village-level economy, i.e. ＂to be extremely poor＂, ＂to make a basic living＂, ＂to dress warmly and eat one＇s fill＂, ＂to try to enrich （to disengage poverty）＂, ＂to be well-off＂ and ＂to be affluent＂. The data of average annual net income of all the 292 villages between 1990 and 2004 in rural Gongyi City, Henan Province were collected, verified and classified. By using standard deviation, coefficient of variation and regression analysis, it is found that the Gongyi＇s rural economy has boosted up remarkably from the relative-poverty and absolute-poverty stages in 1990 to the well-off in 2004. However, the absolute differences between villages present a trend of enlargement, while the relative differences fluctuating. On the other hand, spatial analysis of village-level economy shows that most villages with relatively high economic development level were located along national expressway and most villages with absolute-poverty lay in remote mountainous areas in 1990. Since the 1990s, the rapid urbanization and industrialization have had strongly positive effects on rural economic growth. Initial economic foundation, natural resources and traditional techniques also contribute to village economy. From the perspective of geography, villages with location advantages, such as near urban center or industrial parks, have more chances for their economic development and the ＂core-periphery＂ economic structure has been presented in the process of rural development.     

整体最小二乘的迭代解法

在引入整体最小二乘平差准则的基础上,推导了整体最小二乘的迭代解法;同时,引入多元函数隐函数求导的方法以确定未知参数对观测数据的线性信息,解决了整体最小二乘下的精度评定问题。给出了运用新的解法在拟合函数确定以及坐标转换参数确定等方面的应用实例,验证了新算法的可行性。     

航空矢量重力测量水平分量的带限直接地形影响

基于第二类Helmert凝聚法的级数展开式,独立推导了航空矢量重力测量水平分量带限直接地形影响的计算公式。在中国西部山区选取了两条沿纬圈方向4000m航线高度上的航线,采用 的数字高程模型基于解析核计算了水平分量的直接地形影响,经低通滤波后与基于带限公式计算的地形影响进行了比较。数值计算结果表明,二者吻合较好,本文给出的带限地形影响公式可用于航空矢量重力测量水平分量的地形归算。