文化生态学视角下的南海诸岛地名文化

地名具有丰富的文化内涵,正日益受到学术界的高度关注。南海诸岛及其附近海域是中国政治敏感地带,多国为主权归属问题摩擦不断,研究其地名文化历史演变问题可为维护中国领土主权提供有力证据。基于南海诸岛地名命名、变更和演变等资料,采用文本分析方法,分析《更路簿》和不同时期公布的南海诸岛命名资料,并利用 GIS 将地名的演变情况进行地理可视化表达,同时对南海诸岛及其附近海域的开发者--渔民和老船长等进行深入访谈。研究发现：南海诸岛的土地名主要依据岛礁的自然地理环境特征而命名,地名的更替、消亡与社会文化环境紧密相关;1935 年公布的地名以音译英文地名为主,1947 年更名以去外国化、美化、纪念地名为主,1983 年对 1947 年所公布的标准地名更改很少,在这 118 个地名中,增加了前几次未公布地名 39 个,这些地名几乎都沿用渔民命名的土地名。     

骨旁脂肪瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值

目的：分析骨旁脂肪瘤的影像学表现特征,提高对该病的认识及术前影像诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的我院2例骨旁脂肪瘤的临床及影像学表现。结果：2．例骨旁脂肪瘤,男女各1例,分别位于右侧股骨上段、左侧胫骨中下段骨旁软组织内。X线表现为骨旁软组织内的透光肿块;CT、MRI表现为骨旁脂肪密度或脂肪信号、有包膜的椭圆形分叶状肿块,边界清楚;邻近骨皮质形成突向肿瘤内部的珊瑚礁状或树枝状骨性突起。结论：骨旁椭圆形脂肪性肿块,伴有骨皮质突向肿块内的珊瑚礁状、树枝状骨性突起为骨旁脂肪瘤的影像学特征,具有重要的诊断价值。     

基于GIS和景观生态学的土地整理景观研究

运用GIS技术和景观生态学理论方法,以安徽省淮南市潘集区市级投资重点土地整理项目为例,选取3类景观指标,对项目区内土地整理前后的土地利用现状和景观格局变化情况进行研究。结果表明： 景观类型中水田斑块占绝对优势,斑块分维数、形状指数呈下降趋势,表明斑块形状趋于规则和简单; 斑块数量和斑块密度降低,平均斑块面积和最大斑块面积增加,最大斑块指数增大,景观破碎度降低; 平均分维数和平均形状指数增大,表明景观形状较整理前变得规则,但总体形态变得复杂; 多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,表明在增加了景观分布均匀程度的同时降低了景观的多样性,景观类型有所减少。     

《生态产业园区:可持续发展的社区实践》简评

产业活动是维系人类生存与社会发展所需的物质创造过程.自工业社会以来,形成的产业开发系统与自然生态系统是两个截然不同的演化模式.     

8.4 ka以来纳木错湖芯介形类组合的环境变化意义

A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assem-blages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environ-ment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of cli-mate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present en-vironment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simulta-neous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abun-dance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment.     

虾蟹类生物能量学研究进展

虾蟹类生物能量学（Bioenergetics）是研究能量在虾蟹类体内转换的一门学科,其中心问题是研究虾蟹类体内能量收支各组分之间的定量关系以及环境因子（温度、盐度和pH等）、营养因子（饵料种类、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等）和内源因子（发育阶段和体质量等）对这些关系的影响,探讨生物调节其能量分配的生理生态学机制。Klein最早提出了能量在虾蟹类体内流动和转换的基本模型,该模型可归纳为以下能量收支式：C=G＋R＋U＋F＋E,式中C为摄食能,G为生长能,R为呼吸能,U为排泄能,F为排粪能,E为蜕壳能。     

汕头市土地利用空间格局的景观生态学分析

根据不同利用类型土地生态效应的异同,对汕头市2003年1∶1万比例尺土地更新调查数据的土地分类系统进行调整,将全部土地景观划分为耕地、林地、园地、草地、居民点及工矿、交通、裸土地和水域等8类.在GIS的支持下,提取各类型土地景观斑块的数目、面积和周长等信息,据此对斑块景观的数量、面积和形状等特征,以及区域景观的多样性、均匀度和优势度,集中性和区际意义等进行分析,从而总结出全市范围及六区一县土地利用空间格局的景观生态学特征.