手工数字化地图误差的分布检验

对经过标准化处理的误差数据进行分布检验，得出该母体不服从正态分布的结论。在此基础上做进一步的假设检验，表明手工数字化地图的误差符合P—范分布且P—范值的取值范围可能在1．5～1．6之间。     

SDX+空间数据库技术的魅力

~~SDX 空间数据库技术的魅力@宋关福 @李绍俊 @钟耳顺 @王康弘     

单片机音乐彩灯同步控制器的设计

介绍一种音乐彩灯同步控制器的组成、工作原理、软件设计以及所具有的功能。比较详细地论述了音乐乐谱数字化编码的方法，如何通过软件设计，用音乐乐谱编码数据控制扬声器，使其发出与乐谱一致的音乐声。     

地质图手工着色技法简介

用手工方法给地质图着色,至今仍是地质图件绘制中经常使用的方法。本文从色彩的配比分析、色标颜色组合及着色技法等诸方面作了简要介绍,尤其在一些通常不易引起注意但又与着色质量密切相关的事项及着色技巧等方面作了较为具体的说明。可供从事此项工作的有关人员参考。     

省级行政区域界线信息管理系统工程

本项目是在我国首次完成省、县两级勘界的基础上进行的：行政区域的划分和调整，关系到国家政权的巩固、社会的安定和经济建设的发展，因此，行政区域界线管理工作历来都是国家政权建设的一个重要方面。在全面勘界之前，我国的省、县行政区域界线是由大量的历史习惯线、部分法定线和一些争议线组成，地图上采用权宜画法表示。     

专题地图的符号与标志

标志是一种图画语言，也是一种符号，并广泛用于社会中，它与地图符号性质有共同之处，只是应用范围、特点有所不同。研究“标志”的规律，感受特点和图形变异，可以作为设计专题地图符号的依据之一。地图是通过地图语言，即符号、色彩、文字构成的符号系统，而这三者，也都是标志设计的基本要素，如能将专题地图符号与社会上的标志进行信息交流；这将能迅速与读者建立共同语言，有助于专题地图图例的规范化、标准化，对专题地图符号设计有实践意义。     

Systems for Hazards Identification in High Mountain Areas： An Example from the Kullu District, Western Himalaya

Methods and techniques for the identification, monitoring and management of natural hazards in high mountain areas are enumerated and described. A case study from the western Himalayan Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh, India is used to illustrate some of the methods. Research on the general topic has been conducted over three decades and that in the Kullu District has been carried out since 1994. Early methods of hazards identification in high mountain areas involved intensive and lengthy fieldwork and mapping with primary reliance on interpretation of landforms, sediments and vegetation thought to be indicative of slope fail ures, rock falls, debris flows, floods and accelerated soil surface erosion. Augmented by the use of airphotos and ad hoc observations of specific events over time, these methods resulted in the gradual accumulation of information on hazardous sites and the beginnings of a chronology of occurrences in an area. The use of historical methods applied to written and photographic material, often held in archives and libraries, further improved the resolution of hazards information. In the past two decades, both the need for, and the ability to, accurately identify potential hazards have increased. The need for accurate information and monitoring comes about as a result of rapid growth in population, settlements, transportation infrastructure and intensified land uses and, therefore, risk and vulnerability in mountain areas. Ability has improved as the traditional methods of gathering and manipulating data have been supplemented by the use of remotesensing, automated terrain modeling, global positioning systems and geographical information systems. This paper focuses on the development and application of the latter methods and techniques to characterize and monitor hazards in high mountain areas.     

地图数字化与汉字数字化的关系

通过论述汉字信息在地图信息中的重要地位,说明开发地名数字化系统的必要性;并且通过分析汉字的“音、形、义”的结构特征,阐明了地名数字化系统的继承性、层次性、稳定性和开放性。从而说明开发地名数字化系统的艰巨性。