大规模三维城市建模进展

大规模三维城市模型在城市规划与管理、环境模拟、应急响应、导航、虚拟旅游以及其他科学和大众应用方面的需求越来越高。在过去的20年中,通过多学科的共同努力,大规模城市三维建模已经取得了可观的成就。本文全面总结和讨论了三维城市建模在数据源、建模方法和平台、模型表达和互操作等方面的新技术和新进展,并描述了世界范围内开放城市模型的几个代表性示例。在日益多样化的数据,先进但价格可承受的技术以及不断增长的公共和科学需求的推动下,三维城市建模正在加速实现自动化、细致化、语义化、标准化、一体化和大众化。     

GIS本科教育:开放、开源与开发

随着地理信息知识结构的不断发展,社会人才需求呈现多样性,传统的本科教学方式不足以应对高水平的科研和工作要求,更科学高效的本科培养方案亟待提出。为响应以“成人”统领“成才”的教学指导方针,将GIS的基础理念、专业知识和方法技术贯彻到本科生的教学之中,本文提出GIS本科教育3个创新思想——开放、开源与开发,创建了一套“多学科、多方法、多技巧”的立体式培养方案,结合地理信息科学的专业特点在现有教学方式的基础上进行了突破性的设想和改革,将GIS的本科教学变成一种知识领域更加全面、方法技术更加前沿、实践方式更加多样的专业人才培养模式。该教学理念有利于本科学生充分认识所学知识,在理论基础的支持上能更快速地提升空间思维素养和增强实践开发能力,是GIS本科教育方法上的有益探索。     

基于“科学”号线上运行管理平台的我国海洋科学考察船信息化建设

为提高我国海洋科学考察船运行管理水平,有力支撑海洋科学研究和海洋强国建设,文章在概述科考船信息化需求和进展的基础上,重点分析"科学"号的信息化建设实践,即"科学"号线上运行管理平台的设计和应用。研究结果表明:科考船信息化建设对于发挥数据作用和促进开放共享的意义重大,我国相关领域仍较落后;"科学"号线上运行管理平台是我国首次建成的科考船运行管理全链条线上系统,根据不同的角色和需求提供不同的服务,通过创新引入"船时课题"实现核心模块和评价指标的关联,并成功与中国科学院重大科技基础设施共享服务平台对接,为我国科考船信息化建设提供范例。     

云计算环境下的中医院校慕课建设研究

国家对慕课的大力支持,使得我国各高校纷纷投入慕课的建设与研究。笔者通过研究分析国内优秀的慕课平台和国家精品在线开放课程的特征与发展路径,在我校现有的网络教学平台及平台上的教学资源、开放服务系统的建设基础等条件上,从技术架构、平台功能、在线开放课程资源等方面提出了继续建设我校慕课的建议。     

近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变(英文)

The mouth bar in the Yangtze estuarine waterways has a significant influence on navigational transport within the estuary,flood discharge and construction of the Shanghai Port.In this paper the morphological evolution and mechanisms of mouth bar formation of the Yangtze estuarine waterways are studied by analyzing hundreds of years of historical data and the latest profile maps of some or the main mouth bar channels in the Yangtze Estuary.The results are shown as follows:The mouth bars in the North Branch have moved gradually from outside the mouth to the inside and formed a huge sand bar.In the North Channel,the head of the mouth bar has migrated about 30 kilometers downstream,and a channel bar has been developing since 2001.Two mouth bar tops,which always existed in the North Passage,disappeared in 2010.The head of the mouth bar in the South Passage has migrated downstream about 14 km and the number of tops increased at first but is reduced to only one now.According to the results,we can conclude that the evolution of the mouth bars differs depending on their location.In the North Branch it is directly related to large-scale reclamation in Chongming Island,but in the North Passage it has a close relationship with regulation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel.However,the evolution of mouth bars in the North Channel and South Passage is not only connected with the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project,but also with the reclamation in the East Hengsha Shoal and the closure of the Qingcaosha Reservoir.     

Complete genome sequence and proteomic analysis of a thermophilic bacteriophage BV1

Viruses of thermophiles are of great interest due to their roles in gene transfer, global geochemical cycle and evolution of life on earth. However, the thermophilic bacteriophages have not been studied extensively. In this investigation, a typical bacteriophage BV1 was obtained from a thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. 6k512, which was isolated from an inshore hot spring in Xiamen of China. The BV1 contained a double-stranded linear DNA of 35 055 bp, which encodes 54 open reading frames (ORFs). Interestingly, eight of the 54 BV1 ORFs shared sequence similarities to genes from human disease-relevant bacteria. Seven proteins of the purified BV1 virions were identified by proteomic analysis. Determination of BV1 functional genomics would facilitate the better understanding of the mechanism for virus-thermophile interaction.     

Expression and localization of a novel phosducin-like protein from amphioxus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Branchiostoma belcheri</Emphasis>

A full length amphioxus cDNA, encoding a novel phosducin-like protein (Amphi-PhLP), was identified for the first time from the gut cDNA library of Branchiostoma belcheri. It is comprised of 1 550 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 241 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed a tissue-specific expression pattern of Amphi-PhLP with the high levels in the ovary, and at a lower level in the hind gut and testis, hepatic caecum, gill, endostyle, and epipharyngeal groove, while it was absent in the muscle, neural tube and notochord. In the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the expression plasmid pEGFP-N1/Amphi-PhLP, the fusion protein was targeted in the cytoplasm of CHO cells, suggesting that Amphi-PhLP is a cytosolic protein. This work may provide a framework for further understanding of the physiological function of Amphi-PhLP in B. belcheri. Supported by the Pilot Projects of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-211-03 and MGE2008KG06)     

南海物理海洋数据的OPeNDAP服务实现

OPeNDAP(Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol)代表开放源代码的网络数据访问协议.OPeNDAP协议提供一种通过网络请求和提供数据的方法,让所有用户使用熟悉的程序直接存取需要的数据.文章介绍了OPeNDAP常用服务器,描述了基于OPeNDAP的南海物理海洋科学数据共享平台的设计与搭建:采用GDS(GrADS Data Server)、Dapper、THREDDs(Thematic Realtime Environmental Distributed Data Services)等服务器来实现海风数据、海流数据、海浪数据、Argo数据和潮位数据等南海物理海洋数据的OPeNDAP服务,最后介绍目前提供的OPeNDAP服务形式.希望借助OPeNDAP来实现分布、异构环境下南海物理海洋数据的网络无缝共享之目标.     

学术交流新方式—开放存取期刊

要实现现代信息社会对知识和信息获取和利用的自由、共享、互济、合作、奉献,必须打破知识霸权和信息垄断,构建新的学术交流机制,适应网络交流的快捷化、虚拟化、无障碍化。近年来兴起的开放存取运动(OpenAccessMovements,简称OA)就是基于现代信息技术与网络空间的学术交流模式。开放存取期刊(OpenAccessJournal简称OAJ)是一种在许可协议框架内向用户免费提供访问权、获取权的在线期刊,是开放存取的主要实现方法与重要发展趋势之一。

     

盖层-岩溶介质体系宏观系统特性研究及若干问题的探讨

覆盖型岩溶区工程岩土体可以抽象为盖层-岩溶介质体系,盖层和岩溶介质通过盖层底部土体和岩溶洞隙充填物接合起来.该体系具有系统性、复杂性,自组织性、开放性以及突变性等特征,可以处理为一个复杂自组织开放的力学平衡系统.本文采用宏观系统科学的基本思想,从宏观到微观对该体系特征及岩溶塌陷防治的方法论问题进行了探讨,并对岩溶塌陷研究中的部分问题进行了讨论.研究盖层-岩溶介质体系宏观系统特性对于认识和把握该体系系统结构以及从方法论高度上研究塌陷的防治具有一定实用价值和宏观指导意义.