干旱地区植被指数(VI)的适宜性研究

以位于典型干旱区的甘肃河西地区石羊河下游的民勤绿洲为例,对NDVI、SAVI、MSAVI和GEMI等4种VI(植被指数)受土壤背景光谱影响的程度和探测低盖度植被的能力进行了对比研究。通过分析VI提取植被信息时植被土壤噪音比的变化发现,植被覆盖较低条件下VI提取植被信息总体受土壤背景光谱影响程度较低,相比而言,GEMI提取植被信息中受土壤背景影响最小,其他3种VI的区别不太明显。通过分析不同VI随植被覆盖度增加的反映速率变化及不同覆盖条件下不同VI的取值范围的变化发现,NDVI探测低盖度植被的能力最强,GEMI次之。GEMI可能是干旱地区植被探测较适宜的植被指数。     

Recent climate trends on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.     

Numerical simulation of the critical scale of oasis maintenance and development in the arid regions of Northwest China

Oasis is a special geographic landscape among the vast desert/Gobi in Northwest China (NWC). The surface sensitive heat flux and latent heat flux at Zhangye Oasis during 1 to 11 August 1991 are simulated using the NCAR nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 Version 3. The horizontal grid resolution is set as 1km. By comparing the simulation results with HEIFE observations, it is proved that the model can be used to simulate the surface energy and water mass exchange of arid and semiarid regions in NWC.Based on the above results, the influence of different oasis scales on the local atmospheric field near the ground surface, and the critical scale of oasis maintenance, in NWC are studied dynamically. The following conclusion is obtained: the local thermal circulation between the oasis and the desert/Gobi is formed in the oasis downstream if the oasis scale is larger than 4 km. This local thermal circulation between the oasis and the desert adjacent to the oasis helps to conserve water vapor over the oasis. At the sametime, it transfers the abundant water vapor from the oasis into the desert/Gobi near to the oasis to supply relatively plentiful water vapor for desert crops to grow on the fringe of the oasis. So, it is advantageous for oasis extension. However, if the scale of the oasis is smaller than 4 km, it is not easy for the local thermal circulation between the oasis and the desert/Gobi to take shape. This study provides a new standpoint for oasis maintenance and development.     

我区水的利用及沙漠种水稻问题

缺水,是当今世界上许多国家都面临的问题。１９７３年３月联合国召开的水资源会议就曾向世界发出郑重的警告：“水,不久将成为一个深刻的社会危机。世界上的石油危机之后的下一个危机就是水的危机。”随着社会经济的发展和人口的增加,人们的用水量也在不断增加,水的供...     

干旱地区特有的景观——绿洲

在祖国的西北内陆干旱地区,天山南北山麓、祁连山北麓和大型山间盆地及冲积原平上,经过人类的长期生产,形成了一个个人口聚集、林木茂盛、农田阡陌纵横的绿洲。绿洲是人类利用和改造自然的结果,是干旱地区特有的一种景观。     

干旱地区灌溉定额最优分配的动态模拟研究

本文以干旱地区灌溉试验资料为依据，提出了作物灌溉定额在一定条件下灌水定额优化计算的动态模拟模型。     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-charactefized physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions, and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies; focus on the objects of glacier, snow, fiver, lake, sea ice, permafrost and seasonal frozen ground, and periglacial geomorphology, etc.; and think much of cold regions engineering and technology. Researches in arid regions emphasize particularly on the arid-region-characterized physical,     

中国西部沙漠化问题的思考

在分析西部沙漠化现状的基础上,提出了长期和近期相结合的治疗对策,对生态环境的改善和荒漠化的遏制具有重要意义。     

干旱地区地下水资源勘查方法的探讨--为蒙古国图木尔廷敖包成功找水的实例

蒙古国图木尔廷敖包锌矿处于干旱、半干旱地区,水文地质条件复杂.为解决矿山生产、生活用水的问题,作者笲对蒙古国苏赫巴托洼地地下水系统进行了系统地研究,提出了基于系统论观点的地下水资源勘探思路,从全局出发,抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面,辨证地分析区域地下水的补给、径流及排泄条件,科学预见地下储水构造,研究地下水的可控性,寻找到理想供水水源地.实践证明,正确的勘探指导思想对于地下水资源勘探至关重要,对干旱、半干旱地区地下水资源勘查具有一定的借鉴意义.