基于矩估计法的P范分布参数估计

P范分布的参数估计值的精度对观测值的估计效率和数据处理的精度影响较大。从观测值分布的实际情况和简化运算出发,引入二/四阶矩估计方法估计P范分布的形状参数和方差,给出了二/四阶矩估计法的形状参数的近似计算式。为了进一步提高估计效率,引入对数期望矩估计法,将绝对矩与对数绝对矩相结合,导出了基于对数期望矩估计法的P范分布形状参数p、方差σ的合理估计表达式。最后利用两组模拟数据对该模型和计算方法的正确性进行了验证,并与传统极大似然估计方法进行了对比分析。结果表明,当样本数较少时,二/四阶矩估计法和对数期望矩估计法在收敛性、稳定性和准确性等方面优于极大似然估计法。     

多波束合成孔径声呐技术研究进展

随着近年人们对海洋科学研究的迫切需要,水下目标精细探测与成像声呐技术逐步成为国内外研究的热点。本文重点分析了国内外主流多波束测深声呐技术与合成孔径技术的发展现状和趋势,并结合二者技术优势提出了一种多波束合成孔径声呐探测机理。研究讨论了多波束合成孔径声呐关键技术的研究进展,通过试验,初步验证了其探测机理的有效性和提升水下目标分辨能力的潜力。     

随机模型对解算西安流动SLR站坐标的影响

合理的参数估计及精度评定不仅需要可靠的函数模型,而且需要正确的随机模型。从权函数和粗差编辑两方面,研究了不同随机模型对西安流动卫星激光测距（satellite laser ranging,SLR）站坐标解算的影响,采用全球Lageos-1卫星观测数据计算了西安流动SLR站坐标。计算结果表明:①西安流动SLR站的观测精度和坐标解算精度均达到厘米级。②随机模型直接影响SLR站坐标的解算结果及可靠性;对于相同的计算弧段,抗差方差分量估计得到的站坐标精度最高、结果最稳定,残差加权均方差最小,观测资料利用率也最高;对于相同的计算方案,采用的SLR数据越多,坐标估计精度越高。     

协同克立格法在广西林旺金矿化探数据处理中的应用

协同克立格法,同时兼具化探数据多元性及克立格法表征空间属性的特点。考虑到地质变量两个以上的空间属性,在化探数据处理中运用协同克立格法,可以进一步提高估计精度。运用协同克立格法对广西林旺矿区中金元素成矿进行预测,经相关性分析显示,在矿区中元素的基本组合是Au、Ag、As、Hg,协同克立格插值以Au为主要变量,伴生元素Ag、As、Hg为次要变量。把插值计算后的结果与传统多元统计方法和普通克立格法的计算结果进行比较,结果协同克立格法得到的估值误差较小,预测精度较高,在成矿元素的预测中具有一定程度的优越性。     

Assimilation of ASAR data with a hydrologic and semi-empirical backscattering coupled model to estimate soil moisture

The most promising approach for studying soil moisture is the assimilation of observation data and computational modeling.However,there is much uncertainty in the assimilation process,which affects the assimilation results.This research developed a one-dimensional soil moisture assimilation scheme based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)and Genetic Algorithm(GA).A two-dimensional hydrologic model-Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model(DHSVM)was coupled with a semi-empirical backscattering model(Oh).The Advanced Synthetic Apertture Radar(ASAR)data were assimilated with this coupled model and the field observation data were used to validate this scheme in the soil moisture assimilation experiment.In order to improve the assimilation results,a cost function was set up based on the distance between the simulated backscattering coefficient from the coupled model and the observed backscattering coefficient from ASAR.The EnKF and GA were used to re-initialize and re-parameterize the simulation process,respectively.The assimilation results were compared with the free-run simulations from hydrologic model and the field observation data.The results obtained indicate that this assimilation scheme is practical and it can improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation significantly.     

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site： Kanas National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.     

基于MRPs无陀螺卫星姿态确定的抗差估计算法

针对精确航天器姿态问题,采用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示姿态,用动力学方程进行角速率的传播,分别基于等价协方差和观测残差统计特性的协方差调整方法,实现UKF算法的抗差效果,并通过仿真验证该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：在含有粗差的情况下,两种抗差UKF算法均能得到稳定的状态估计值,而第二种方法计算效率更高。     

灰色稳健总体最小二乘估计及高铁路基变形预测

最小二乘估计和部分变量误差模型的总体最小二乘估计不具备抵御粗差的能力。鉴于粗差可能同时出现在灰色白化微分方程的观测值和系数矩阵中,本文提出基于IGGⅢ抗差方案的部分变量总体最小二乘稳健估计。结合仿真数据和高铁路基观测数据,系统地比较稳健最小二乘、部分变量总体最小二乘、本文算法参数估计结果和算法稳定性。结果表明,本文算法预测精度高,可以应用到高铁路基沉降预测中。     

GPS/BDS分类组合定位的指数加权Helmert方差分量估计法

针对北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）星座结构复杂、不同类型卫星观测值残差差异较大的不利条件,将BDS系统中IGSO、MEO、GEO 3种卫星的观测值进行分类定权,提出一种顾及历史权比的指数加权Helmert方差分量估计法来精确确定不同系统之间观测值的权阵。为了验证该方法在GPS/BDS组合定位中的有效性,采用单点定位模型分别进行静态和动态导航实验,并将其定位结果与等权模型以及不考虑指数加权的Helmert方差分量估计方法进行对比。结果表明,采用改进的加权方法,在东、北、天3个方向的定位精度均获得显著提高,在静态条件下,相对于等权模型,改进方法3个方向的定位精度提高幅度分别达到50.0%、51.0%和42.0%;在动态条件下,定位精度提高幅度分别为10.0%、8.0%和9.0%。特别在卫星数量较少、卫星几何图形强度较差时,定位结果的改善效果更为明显。     

参数带椭球约束平差算法的应用

针对实际工程应用中遇到的参数带有范围约束的情形,提出带椭球约束的平差算法,并给出其具体模型和解算步骤。数值模拟实验和病态测边网数据计算表明,在处理病态问题时,最小二乘平差（least-squares,LS）已不适用,而与岭估计、奇异值分解法（singular value decomposition,SVD）以及不等式约束相比,本文算法精度更高。