利用高精度地球重力场模型计算扰动重力垂直梯度

探讨了利用地球重力场模型计算扰动重力垂直梯度的理论方法,介绍了高精度地球重力场模型和最新的EGM2008模型,并利用EGM2008模型的360阶和720阶完全规格化地球位系数,分别计算了西太平洋区域和全球范围的扰动重力垂直梯度。从绘制的计算结果分布图可以看出,扰动重力垂直梯度能够清晰反映并显示地球地质构造的变化特征与陆地边界轮廓。统计分析表明,随着位系数截断阶次从360阶增至720阶,计算结果的变化较为明显,均值接近于零,其数值分布近似服从正态分布。     

2012年夏季楚科奇海浮游动物垂直迁移及上升流对其生物量的影响

The diel vertical migration(DVM) of zooplankton and the influence of upwelling on zooplankton biomass were examined using water column data of current velocity and mean volume backscattering strength(MVBS)collected by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) deployed in the southeastern Chukchi Sea during the 5th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) in summer 2012, combined with the satellite observational data such as sea surface temperature(SST), wind, and chlorophyll a(Chl a). Hourly acoustic data were continuously collected for 49-d in the mooring site. Spectral analysis indicated that there were different migrating patterns of zooplankton, even though precisely classifying the zooplankton taxa was not available. The prevailing 24-h cycle corresponded to the normal DVM with zooplankton swimming upwards at sunrise and returning to deep waters at sunset. There was a clear DVM in the upper 17 m of the water column during the period with distinct day-night cycles, and no active DVM throughout the water column when the sun above the horizon(polar day), suggesting that light intensity was the trigger for DVM. Also there was a second migrating pattern with 12-h cycle. The upwelling event occurring in the northwest of Alaskan coastal area had important influence on zooplankton biomass at the mooring site. During the upwelling, the SST close to the mooring site dropped significantly from maximal 6.35°C to minimal 1.31°C within five days. Simultaneously, there was a rapid increase in the MVBS and Chl a level, suggesting the aggregation of zooplankton related to upwelling.     

青岛近海大型水母漂移集合预测方法研究

考虑水母垂直运动等自主运动,基于集合预报和拉格朗日粒子追踪方法,建立青岛近海大型水母的集合漂移预测模型。并利用2012—2013年青岛近海水母实时监测数据和集合漂移预测模型,快速预测水母集合漂移轨迹、速度、趋势和可能影响范围等要素。通过分析水母监测数据和数值模拟结果,在水母如何自主运动及其机理尚不十分清楚的情况下,多轨迹漂移预测结果比单轨迹的更合理、科学、可信,能够传达更多的信息量,对水母灾害的应急处置更具有指导意义。     

潜标上浮过程中垂直运动数学建模与验证

以2014年南海北部陆坡M站春、秋两季底流观测潜标回收为例,建立数学模型分析潜标上浮过程中垂直运动特征。首先做出忽略水平海流影响、刚性连接以及主要部件外形简化等假设。通过刚性连接部分上浮数值试验,得到释放后各部件能够保持相对位置不变、整体上浮的结论。视整个系统为刚体建立了垂直运动模型。分别模拟两次潜标回收,模型与高精度超短基线观测结果的对比表明:整个上浮过程可分为加速上浮阶段和稳定上浮阶段;模型速度曲线与观测速度拟合线比较接近,给出的平均模型速度与平均观测速度均相差0.2m/s;模型能够反映出在稳定上浮阶段,稳定上浮速度随时间缓慢降低的变化特征;各部件上浮的垂直速度是振荡变化的。模型可为相关水下仪器回收工作提供定量化依据。     

一次无地面冷空气触发的西南涡特大暴雨分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°的再分析资料对2007年7月17日重庆西部的特大暴雨天气过程的环流背景、主要影响系统--西南涡的演变进行诊断分析.结果表明:(1)在有利的大尺度环流背景配合下,产生此次过程的主要影响系统为西南涡和低空急流,副热带高压的西进北抬为水汽的输送提供了有利的条件;(2)最强降水时段出现在西南涡的最强盛期,垂直螺旋度的大值中心位置和强弱变化与低涡及强降雨的位置和强度有很好的对应关系;(3)在此次过程中虽然无地面冷空气的触发,但由于高层较强的冷平流形成的干冷盖和低层的暖湿气流与强烈的上升运动的极佳配合,使得强对流天气得以发生,高层的干侵入成为此次过程的触发动力;(4)西南低涡上空的不同高度上不同强度的干侵入效应,使得高层高位涡下传,而高层高位涡区的下传和中低层高位涡区的加强,导致西南低涡的气旋性环流加强,降水增强.     

基于CloudSat卫星分析西太平洋台风云系的垂直结构及其微物理特征

基于2012—2014年CloudSat卫星数据,按照热带气旋强度分类的6个等级以及沿台风中心的径向距离,分析西太平洋台风云系的垂直结构及其微物理特征。研究表明:(1)不同强度的台风云系中均是单层云占主导,多层云中双层云出现比例最高;随着台风强度的增强,距离台风中心250km之内,单层云分布位置更加集中且垂直厚度较厚,而450km之外的单层云一直集中在7~15km,厚度较薄;随着台风强度的增强,距离台风中心250km之内的双层云中的底层云和顶层云均增厚且分布位置更加趋于集中,云间距变窄,而450km之外顶层云和底层云较薄,云间距一直较大。(2)台风云系中,深对流云、高层云、卷云与其他云类型相比,分布的垂直范围较广,出现频率较高,分布的位置会随着台风强度变化和沿台风中心径向距离的增加有明显的变化。(3)随着台风强度的增强,近台风中心5km以上的回波有明显增强,除此高值区外,发展较为成熟的台风,距台风中心450km之外也会出现多个明显的柱状回波高值区。(4)近台风中心液水含量的值和冰水含量的值随强度变化均有明显增加,但外围云系中也有分散的冰水含量高值中心但分布高度相对较低,在10km附近;液水粒子数浓度的高值区域与液水含量的高值区非常对应,而冰水含量的高值区位于冰粒子数浓度的高值区下方,表明小的冰粒子被较强的对流活动带到了高处,而大的冰粒子集中在云系较低处。     

湟水河谷气候变化的检测研究

利用Yamamoto方法对西宁和海东地区的年、季平均气温和降水资料进行突变分析,对资料进行均一化处理,进而讨论了该区的气候变化情况。结果表明:全年和春季平均气温在1996年附近发生了增暖的突变;北部地区的春季降水在20世纪80年代初发生了增多的突变,南部地区的冬季降水在20世纪70年代初发生了增多的突变;湟中、互助、大通3站的平均气温因迁址而产生了虚假突变,迁址对降水的影响不明显;在没有对比观测气差的情况下用相似法订正效果较好。西宁和海东的气温升高以冬季升温最为显著,降水各时段分布不均,总体有弱的减少趋势。     

The vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over the central Arctic Ocean

The tropopause height and the atmospheric boundarylayer （PBL） height as well as the variation of inversion layer above the floating ice surface are presented using GPS （global position system ） radiosonde sounding data and relevant data obtained by Chinas fourth arctic scientific expedition team over the central Arctic Ocean （86°-88°N, 144°-170°W） during the summer of 2010. The tropopause height is from 9.8 to 10.5 km, with a temperature range between -52.2 and -54.10C in the central Arctic Ocean. Two zones of maximum wind （over 12 m/s） are found in the wind profile, namely, low- and upper-level jets, located in the middle troposphere and the tropopause, respectively. The wind direction has a marked variation point in the two jets from the southeast to the southwest. The average PBL height determined by two methods is 341 and 453 m respectively. These two methods can both be used when the inversion layer is very low, but the results vary significantly when the inversion layer is very high. A significant logarithmic relationship exists between the PBL height and the inversion intensity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.66, indicating that the more intense the temperature inversion is, the lower the boundary layer will be. The observation results obviously differ from those of the third arctic expedition zone （800-85° N）. The PBL height and the inversion layer thickness are much lower than those at 870-88° N, but the inversion temperature is more intense, meaning a strong ice- atmosphere interaction in the sea near the North Pole. The PBL structure is related to the weather system and the sea ice concentration, which affects the observation station.     

Analytical Study on Wave Diffraction from a Vertical Circular Cylinder in Front of Orthogonal Vertical Walls

In this paper, the principle of mirror image is used to transform the problem of wave diffraction from a circular cylinder in front of orthogonal vertical walls into the problem of diffraction of four symmetric incident waves from four symmetrically arranged circular cylinders, and then the eigenfunction expansion of velocity potential and Grafs addition theorem are used to give the analytical solution to the wave diffraction problem. The relation of the total wave force on cylinder to the distance between the cylinder and orthogonal vertical walls and the incidence angle of wave is also studied by numerical computation.     

浮游动物的昼夜垂直迁移

浮游动物的昼夜垂直迁移（ＤＶＭ———ＤｉｅｌＶｅｒｔｉｃａｌＭｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎ）是指浮游动物以２４ｈ为周期有规律地分布在不同水深的现象。它表现为不同的形式 :（１）大多数种类白天在水体深层 ,晚上上升到表层（Ｎｏｃｔｕｒｎａｌｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎ） ;（２）有的种类傍晚和拂晓在表层 ,其他时间在深水 ,叫做“晨昏迁移（Ｔｗｉｌｉｇｈｔｍｉｇｒａ ｔｉｏｎ）” ;（３）少数种类白天在表层 ,晚上在深水 ,叫做“反向迁移（Ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎ）”。这些表现形式不是绝对的 ,而是一个连续分布的谱。浮游动物垂直…