基于谱逼近和地面资料同化的降尺度模拟研究

谱逼近方法和变分资料同化方法都是提高动力降尺度模拟效果的有效手段,其中谱逼近方法通过引入分析或再分析资料来订正长时间连续积分造成的大尺度偏差问题,其模拟输出有望为变分同化提供质量较好的背景场。为此,本文通过WRF模式对2015年夏季秦巴山区实施水平分辨率为5 km的短期气候动力降尺度模拟,探讨在谱逼近方法的基础上利用三维变分(3DVar)同化方法同化地面观测资料的降尺度模拟效果,以期为获取复杂地形下高精度的高分辨率降尺度数据集提供一种有效途径。结果表明,在动力降尺度过程中使用谱逼近方法能够改善2 m温度、10 m风速和降水的模拟结果。只同化地面观测资料对模拟的2 m温度和10 m风速有明显改善,但对降水模拟有负作用。谱逼近方法和地面资料同化方法的结合使用能够得到2 m温度、10 m风速的最佳模拟效果,对降水的模拟结果也优于只同化地面观测资料的试验效果。使用谱逼近方法能够有效地对风场和水汽场做出合理调整,这是其降水模拟精度提高的原因之一。     

HRPT接收系统夏秋季接收数据异常的判断分析

采取对比法、排除法和统计分析法,对陕西省农业遥感信息中心卫星地面接收站的HRPT系统,接收的NOAA-17、FY-1D卫星出现随机丢帧现象异常原因进行了排查判识。利用现有的两支前置高频放大器(又称:场放)进行对比实验,跟踪监视白天NOAA-12、NOAA-16、NOAA-17和FY-1D,观察记录每条轨     

国家级地面自动站A文件质量控制方法及软件开发

地面自动站A文件是以站月为单位的气象观测综合资料，具有要素多、信息量大的特点。为了实现有效的质量控制，研究了更为全面的国家级的质量控制方法并遵循软件工程理论，采用模块化的设计方法完成了应用软件的开发，这对保证我国地面自动站观测数据的质量起到了重要作用。     

A Study on Parameterization of Surface Albedo over Grassland Surface in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year (January 2002 to December 2003) observational data from the AWS (Automatic Weather Station) at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau). As a double-variable (solar altitude angle and soil moisture) function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions (product and addition), the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.     

Difference in the Interdecadal Variability of Spring and Summer Sensible Heat Flux over Northwest China

The present study investigates the difference in interdecadal variability of the spring and summer sensible heat fluxes over Northwest China by using station observations from 1960 to 2000. It was found that the spring sensible heat flux over Northwest China was greater during the period from the late 1970s to the 1990s than during the period from the 1960s to the mid-1970s. The summer sensible heat flux was smaller in the late 1980s through the 1990s than it was in the 1970s through the early 1980s. Both the spring and summer land-air temperature differences over Northwest China displayed an obvious interdecadal increase in the late 1970s. Both the spring and summer surface wind speeds experienced an obvious interdecadal weakening in the late 1970s. The change in the surface wind speed played a more important role in the interdecadal variations in sensible heat flux during the summer, whereas the change in the land-air temperature difference was more important for the interdecadal variations in sensible heat flux in the spring. This difference was related to seasonal changes in the mean land-air temperature difference and the surface wind speed. Further analysis indicated that the increase in the spring land surface temperature in Northwest China was related to an increase in surface net radiation.     

首届青海省气象行业地面气象测报业务技能竞赛在西宁举行

2009年2月12日,由青海省气象局、青海省总工会、青海省劳动和社会保障厅联合举办的首届青海省气象行业地面气象测报业务技能竞赛在西宁拉开帷幕,竞赛组委会主任、省气象局局长陈晓光,竞赛组委会副主任、省总工会副主席张玉娥出席开幕式并讲话。     

大兴安岭地区加密观测前后气象资料的对比分析

1 引言 黑龙江省大兴安岭地区面积8.46×104km2,在2006年以前大兴安岭地区气象部门有6个地面气象观测站,平均1.41×104km2有一个地面观测站,气象站在空间密度和观测频次上,不能适应中小尺度天气系统的监测要求.目前,大兴安岭地区共有52个观测站覆盖在大兴安岭的所有乡镇、林场,平均30 km有1个雨量站.实行了1 h一次的自动上传气温、雨量数据.通过对2007年1～9月的加密观测前后资料的对比分析,揭示了大兴安岭地区的气候变化规律,为林区的气象服务提供科学的依据.     

RegCM3模式对青藏高原夏季气温和降水的模拟

利用RegCM3模式对青藏高原1991—2000年10年夏季（6~8月）的地面气温和降水进行了模拟, 其模拟结果与CRU资料的对比分析表明: RegCM3模式的模拟能再现高原地面气温和降水的基本特征, 特别是气温, 能捕捉到高原北部夏季升温明显高于南部, 东北部升温最大; 在夏季3个月中, 模拟结果和CRU在6月份最为吻合, 7月份两者均为夏季气温最高月份和升温幅度最大月份, 8月份两者相差较大。RegCM3模式能够模拟出高原降水分布的基本特征和主要干湿中心, 由于高原降水的复杂性和模式对降水描述能力的不足, 降水模拟要差于气温。     

黑河试验中测站设置（夏季）的数值模拟研究

本文用具有较高水平与垂直分辨率的数值模式诊断计算了黑河试验区的感热通量和潜热通量,并通过对这些诊断通量的统计分析研究了黑河试验中观测站点的代表性和设置问题,得到在试验区内不同下垫面上设置观测站点的具体方案,以及选择有较好代表性的观测站点的一般原则。