Thermal conductivity of reinforced soils: A literature review

This paper aims a review of the literature related to soil reinforcements to achieve lower soil thermal conductivity （2）. The use of various natural and synthetic fibers, polymers, geosynthetics, agricultural waste/materials, and nanoclays is discussed and existing prediction models that have been thought to affect low thermal conductivity are presented.     

洪泽湖典型水生植物群落碳储量

于2012年4月6日、7月5日、9月8日和12月11日,在洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区内,进行典型植物群落调查,选取芦苇(Phragmites australis)、荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、浮萍(Lemna minor)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和菹草(Potamogeton crispus)群落为研究对象,研究这些植物群落的生物量、植物碳储量和土壤碳储量。结果表明,在各植物群落的平均生物量中,芦苇群落的平均生物量最大,为4 553.47g/m2;芦苇群落地下部分与地上部分生物量的平均根冠比为3.03,荷花群落为0.67;芦苇群落、荷花群落、金鱼藻群落、水花生群落、浮萍群落和菹草群落的平均土壤碳储量分别为5.32 kg/m2、3.83 kg/m2、2.35 kg/m2、2.11 kg/m2、1.57 kg/m2和1.33 kg/m2;芦苇群落、荷花群落、菹草群落、金鱼藻群落、水花生群落和浮萍群落的平均植物碳储量分别为2.25 kg/m2、0.51 kg/m2、0.19 kg/m2、0.11 kg/m2、0.09 kg/m2和0.05 kg/m2;芦苇群落、荷花群落、金鱼藻群落、水花生群落、浮萍群落和菹草群落的平均碳储量分别为7.57 kg/m2、4.34 kg/m2、2.46 kg/m2、2.20 kg/m2、1.62 kg/m2和1.52 kg/m2。     

西藏巴嘎雪湿地夏季土壤动物群落特征

2010年7月,对巴嘎雪湿地5块采样地的土壤动物进行了调查,共捕获大型和中小型土壤动物47类4 832只,隶属于3门6纲12目34科。土壤动物的优势类群为绥螨科(Sejidae)、等节跳属(Isotoma)和隐跳属(Cryptopygus),占总捕获量的31.76%;常见类群31类,占总捕获量的60.83%;稀有类群13类,占总捕获量的7.41%。巴嘎雪湿地土壤动物以腐食性动物为主,捕食性动物次之,植食性动物最少。各采样地的土壤动物数量和种类在土壤中具有明显的表聚性。湿草甸的土壤动物物种多样性最丰富、物种分布最均匀,更适合土壤动物生存。5块采样地土壤动物间的相似程度表现为极不相似到中等不相似,表明巴嘎雪湿地出水口和进水口所处环境差异较大。     

探测大气温湿廓线的35通道微波辐射计设计原理与特点

总结了自主研制的MWP967KV型地基35通道微波辐射计系统设计原理和主要特点。系统将K、V双频段宽带天线及接收机、宽带调谐本振、温湿压计以及电源模块紧凑集成为一台整机设备。对各传感器的测量输出实时进行一体化综合处理,采用BP神经网络实时反演大气温度、湿度廓线和汽、水总量。廓线的垂直覆盖范围为地表至顶空10km,共划分为58层。辐射计样机于2012年秋冬季节在北京地区开展了为期2个月的观测试验,利用这段时期内的69个探空资料样本对辐射计2个层次的实时观测输出都进行了对比检验,计算了水汽、氧气通道亮温和反演所得大气温湿廓线的平均偏差、均方差以及相关性。结果表明该系统能够满足实时气象监测的需求,达到国际先进水平。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.     

Denitrification potential of marsh soils in two natural saline-alkaline wetlands

Little information is available on denitrification potential of marsh soils in natural saline-alkaline wetlands. The denitrification potentials of an open wetland in the floodplain(Erbaifangzi wetland) and a closed wetland(Fulaowenpao wetland) in backwater areas in Jilin Province of Northeast China were monitored by an anaerobic incubation at 30℃ for 25 days. Our results showed that the relative denitrification index(RDI) increased gradually with incubation time, and showed a rapid increase in the first 5 days of incubation. The RDI values declined quickly from surface soils to subsurface soils and then kept a small change in deeper soils along soil profiles over the incubation time. Denitrification proceeded much faster in the top 20 cm soils of open wetland than in the closed wetland, whereas no significant differences in RDI values were observed in deeper soils between both wetlands. The RDIs were significantly negatively correlated with bulk density and sand content, while a significantly positive correlation with clay content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous. The maximum net NO–3-N loss through denitrification in 1 m depth were higher in the open wetland than the closed wetland with higher soil pH values. Future research should be focused on understanding the influencing mechanisms of soil alkalinity.     

雷达风矢产品性能对比分析

在对比风廓线雷达和多普勒雷达风廓线产品两种雷达风矢产品的探测原理和产品性能的基础上,对两种雷达风矢产品在不同天气状况下的探测资料进行了对比,并寻找两者在不同天气状况下的异同点。结果表明:两种雷达风矢产品都可以获得时间分辨率较高的风矢变化过程资料,并且两者对确定低空急流、垂直风切变、涡度、冷暖平流等都有重要帮助。晴天和大降水情况下,两者差别较小,可信度较高。在小降水和系统过境时,两者差别较大,需要验证以后才可使用其所得数据。     

关注我们脚下的环境

正今年4月22日是第45个世界地球日,一份《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》却让我们对赖以生存的地球担忧起来:我国耕地土壤点位污染物超标率为19.4%,镉、镍、铜、砷、汞、铅、滴滴涕(双对氯苯基三氯乙烷)和多环芳烃成为罪魁祸首。作为百姓"米袋子"、"菜篮子"的耕地土壤正在受到越来越多的污染,甚至威胁到我们每天食用的蔬菜、水果、粮食这些"舌尖上的安全"。或许这些污染并不像烟囱中冒的黑烟、河流里淌的污水那么直观、但它们的确就在我们身边——我们的土壤现状近日,环境保护部和国土资源部联合发布《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》。调查结果显示,全国     

上海:高效用地背后的地质杠杆

正繁华拥挤的上海,建设用地占比45%,几近规划设定的"天花板"。今年上半年,上海连续发布多个土地节约集约利用政策,大力促进存量建设用地盘活利用,进一步提高土地利用质量,以土地利用方式转变促进经济转型升级。日前,记者专程前往上海采访,不过这次吸引记者的并不是土地政策本身,而是上海系列土地新政背后,地质工作为"节约集约利用土地,转变土地利用方式"提供的服务与支撑。     

耕地“净土”探路

正4月17日下午,《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》(简称《公报》)发布十几分钟后,李尧迅速将内容转到公司网站和微信圈里。作为北京一家土壤污染修复企业的负责人,李尧看到了所处行业的前景。"数据公开,表明了政府治理土壤污染的决心。"作为土壤污染的"重灾区",耕地的土壤修复却是业界公认的难点。近期,国家启动了湖南省长株潭重金属污染耕地修复综合治理试点,并提供专