http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000113

<正>Against the current background of global climate change,the study of variations in the soil carbon pool and its controlling factors may aid in the evaluation of soil's role in the mitigation or enhancement of greenhouse gas.This paper studies spatial and temporal variation in the soil carbon pool and their controlling factors in the southern Song-nen Plain in Heilongjiang Province,using soil data collected over two distinct periods by the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey in 2005—2007, and another soil survey conducted in 1982—1990.The study area is a carbon source of 1479 t/km~2 and in the past 20 years,from the 1980s until 2005.the practical carbon emission from the soil was 0.12 Gt.Temperature,which has been found to be linearly correlated to soil organic carbon,is the dominant climatologic factor controlling soil organic carbon contents.Our study shows that in the relevant area and time period the potential loss of soil organic carbon caused by rising temperatures was 0.10 Gt,the potential soil carbon emission resulting from land-use change was 0.09 Gt,and the combined potential loss of soil carbon(0.19 Gt) caused by warming and land-use change is comparable to that of fossil fuel combustion(0.21 Gt).Due to the time delay in soil carbon pool variation,there is still 0.07 Gt in the potential emission caused by warming and land-use change that will be gradually released in the future.     

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.     

高频观测的土壤异养呼吸昼夜变化

正森林土壤是陆地生态系统土壤中最大的碳库,约占全球土壤碳库的3/4,在全球C循环中起至关重要作用[1]。土壤异养呼吸(Heterotrophic respiration,Rh)是森林生态系统土壤碳库损失的主要途径。土壤异养呼吸是指土壤在微生物参与下的矿化过程,主要包括根际微生物呼吸、矿质土壤呼吸(无根土壤)和枯枝落叶层呼吸,由于土壤动物呼吸量不大,因此森林生态系统的异养呼吸主要表现为矿质土壤呼吸[2-4]。土壤异养呼吸具有高度的空间变异性,在全球范围内,异养呼吸所占总呼吸的比例为7%~83%,其中在热带和温带(30%~83%)森林生态系统中所占比例高于寒带地区(7%~     

海南省基础地理信息数据库设计与建库

简单介绍了海南省基础地理信息数据库的物理设计和逻辑设计,包括数字线划图数据库、数字正射影像数据库、数字高程模型数据库、地名数据库以及元数据库五个子库的逻辑设计,以及数据库建库的步骤,包括数据入库前检查,数据库结构设计和数据入库。     

信息化测绘地形图产品生产工艺研究

经过模拟测绘、数字化测绘的发展,测绘正向信息化测绘的道路迈进。本文从国家1∶50000地形图更新项目需求出发,结合信息化测绘体系下产品更新生产的要求,以地形图产品生产为例,全面介绍数据库驱动下的两库一体产品生产技术体系以及基于增量的数据、产品动态更新技术方案,旨在为信息化测绘体系下的产品更新与生产提供新思路、新方法。本文形成的技术思想已经成功应用在国家1∶50000地形图实际生产项目中,在各省测绘局得到了广泛应用。     

罗平生物群

<正>罗平生物群是目前已知多样性最为丰富的中生代海生化石库之一,代表二叠纪末生物大绝灭后早三叠世海洋生态系统的全面复苏。罗平生物群是海生动物、陆生植物以及少量陆生动物的混合群落。其中,节肢动物占主宰地位,以甲     

妹岛和世:“不确定性”设计大师

正妹岛和世(Kazuyo Sejima)(图1)[1]是当代炙手可热的女建筑师,她在设计中将空间认识以独特的方式创造出新的典范,向竞争激烈的日本建筑界证明了自己。1995年,她和比自己小10岁的西泽立卫(Ryue Nishizawa)一起成立了SANAA事务所。他们合作默契并不断获奖,2004年设计完工的金泽21世纪美术馆赢得了当年的威尼斯建筑双年展金狮奖,2010年获得了建筑界的最高荣誉普利兹克奖。妹岛认为,"建筑是一     

松嫩平原耕层土壤固碳潜力估算

提高土壤碳收集能力对减缓全球温室效应具有重要意义。利用松嫩平原南部第二次土壤普查及多目标区域地球化学调查获取的两期表层土壤有机碳数据,根据近20年来各土壤类型不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳量变化趋势,估算了松嫩平原南部各土壤类型、各用地方式下土壤碳源、汇潜力。由估算得出,如果目前的土地利用方式、气候条件、耕作方式、种植技术不变,松嫩平原耕地土壤0~20 cm土层的固碳潜力为-1.229Tg碳,各土壤类型的林地土壤固碳潜力绝大多数为正值,说明林业用地为碳汇区,固碳潜力合计为3.169Tg碳,而天然牧草地绝大多数的固碳潜力为负值,固碳潜力合计为-2.235Tg碳,为碳源区,本次研究估算得出,松嫩平原总体的固碳潜力为-0.917Tg碳。     

松南长岭断陷登娄库组致密砂岩储层发育主控因素及孔隙演化模式

松辽盆地南部长岭断陷登娄库组致密砂岩地层陆续发现了新的天然气区带,显示出巨大的勘探开发前景。利用大量岩心描述及分析化验资料,对登娄库组致密砂岩储层发育的控制因素进行了研究。对比研究认为,埋藏史是控制地区间储层物性差异的主要因素;而在埋藏史相近的地区,沉积微相是控制储层发育的主要因素。沉积分异过程造成不同微相储层岩石学性质的分异,而不同岩石相在成岩作用发生不同孔隙演化过程,其机制为:粒度粗、泥质少的砂岩,在压实过程中趋向于保留更多的原生孔隙,为溶蚀过程提供流体通道,导致溶蚀孔更发育,物性最好;含泥质砂岩中,泥质杂基在压实过程中强烈形变,充填孔喉,降低了物性,特别是降低了渗透率;与泥岩接触的砂岩,极易发生早期碳酸盐胶结,大幅降低了储层孔隙度。根据以上分析认为,心滩中下部及辫状河道中部砂岩最利于形成优质储层。通过对孔隙演化过程的模拟,定量印证了以上观点。