利用Molodensky理论求解第二大地边值问题

过去由于无法获得大地高数据,传统的第三大地边值问题采用重力异常作为边值条件。GNSS技术的发展为第二边值问题的研究带来了契机。研究比较成熟的第三边值理论无疑为第二边值问题提供了很好的参考和借鉴,对此开展将第三边值问题中计算似大地水准面的Molodensky理论方法应用于第二边值问题的研究。首先推导了Hotine算子与梯度算子的关系,然后给出了基于Molodensky理论求解第二边值问题的算法。实验结果表明,该算法与传统第三边值问题中Molodensky理论的边值解精度相当,说明基于Molodensky理论求解第二大地边值问题是完全可行的。     

北斗中长基线动态定位首次固定时间和定位精度分析

给出单基站北斗中长基线动态定位的数学模型和误差处理策略,基于中国天津、武汉和广东CORS站网的多条中长基线实测数据,对模糊度首次固定时间和定位精度进行评估与分析。结果表明,对于目前的北斗区域系统而言,北斗中长基线的首次固定时间与测站纬度和观测时段有明显的相关性,中国北方地区的平均首次固定时间约为2 h,中部地区约为1.5 h,南方地区不到1 h,同一条基线不同时段的首次固定时间存在差异;模糊度正确固定后的动态解算精度RMS在东方向、北方向、高程方向分别为2.5 cm、2.1 cm和6.1 cm。     

信号易遮挡地区GPS/BDS双频单历元短基线解算精度分析

信号易遮挡地区GPS、BDS单系统可见卫星个数少,无法达到相对定位的最低要求。讨论了GPS/BDS组合单历元基线解算模型,在多种模拟环境下将GPS/BDS联合解算结果与GPS和BDS单系统在可见卫星数、模糊度固定成功率、定位精度等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,相对于单系统单历元基线解算,GPS/BDS组合大大增加了可见卫星数,提高了模糊度固定成功率,并在极端的观测条件下有效地改善了定位精度,使信号易遮挡地区双频单历元基线解算精度可以达到cm级甚至mm级。     

基于间断自适应MRF的相位解缠算法

合成孔径干涉雷达（InSAR）技术已被广泛应用于地面高程信息的获取。相位解缠作为其关键步骤直接关系到地表高程的提取精度。然而,相位解缠受相位连续性假设的限制无法识别间断相位,影响在陡峭地形区域的高程反演精度。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于间断自适应马尔可夫随机场模型（DA-MRF）的相位解缠算法处理间断相位。首先构建DA-MRF模型的能量函数能够自适应地在连续相位处保持像素连接,同时在间断相位处阻断像素连接;然后再利用图割算法优化能量函数,完成相位解缠。仿真和实测数据试验证明,本文方法与常用的相位解缠算法相比,具有更强的间断相位保持能力,更适用于地形变化剧烈场景中的地形重建。     

陆架海岸台风沉积记录及信息提取

长时间尺度风暴强度–频率关系与气候变化相关联,而器测记录和历史记载难以提供充分的信息,因此从沉积记录中提取风暴信息成为一个前沿科学问题。在应用上,这项研究可为海岸带城市群应对未来气候和海面变化提供决策依据。本文回顾了台风沉积记录研究进展,显示陆架泥质沉积、海滩及海岸沙丘、潮滩、潟湖、巨砾是台风事件记录的良好载体,可通过层序形态和物质特性分析而识别。同时,还需进一步完善分析方法,以区分台风、冬季风暴、河流洪水和海啸等不同类型的极端事件沉积。在台风强度信息提取方面,陆架泥质沉积所含贝壳–粗颗粒沉积物可作为海底再悬浮强度的指标,但需更多实测数据的率定;海滩及海岸沙丘顶部的台风沉积分布高程指示了台风激浪流的上冲高度,而台风巨砾的重量可以与近岸波浪的波高建立联系。以上数据经过换算后可以得出台风强度的信息,虽然这些间接的沉积学信息还不足以建立风暴强度–频率关系,但有助于台风强度大数据的建立。潮滩、潟湖沉积连续性好,可构成台风事件的时间序列,然而关于台风强度却是多解的,台风最大风力、持续时间、移动路径、登陆地点的不同组合可能产生同样的事件沉积。我们建议,应发展台风信息提取的新方法,来解决这个问题。进行现代过程模拟,根据已知的台风事件资料构建沉积物输运堆积模型,使之能够复演事件沉积的特征;进行多个地点事件沉积的反演模拟,在此情形下,即便每个站位的结果是多解的,但针对多个站位上求取其解的交集之后,多解性将下降,这种模拟方法可称之为“解空间收缩法”;采用大数据融合方式,将其他来源的台风强度数据纳入模拟体系,可进一步降低风暴信息提取的不确定性。动力过程模拟与大数据融合方法的建立,有助于获得与沉积记录同样时间尺度的台风强度–频率关系曲线,进而分析台风动态与气候变化的关系。     

东南极中山站陆缘固定冰2011/2012年度的时空变化

Annual observations of first-year ice(FYI) and second-year ice(SYI) near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica,were conducted for the first time from December 2011 to December 2012. Melt ponds appeared from early December 2011. Landfast ice partly broke in late January, 2012 after a strong cyclone. Open water was refrozen to form new ice cover in mid-February, and then FYI and SYI co-existed in March with a growth rate of 0.8 cm/d for FYI and a melting rate of 2.7 cm/d for SYI. This difference was due to the oceanic heat flux and the thickness of ice,with weaker heat flux through thicker ice. From May onward, FYI and SYI showed a similar growth by 0.5 cm/d.Their maximum thickness reached 160.5 cm and 167.0 cm, respectively, in late October. Drillings showed variations of FYI thickness to be generally less than 1.0 cm, but variations were up to 33.0 cm for SYI in March,suggesting that the SYI bottom was particularly uneven. Snow distribution was strongly affected by wind and surface roughness, leading to large thickness differences in the different sites. Snow and ice thickness in Nella Fjord had a similar "east thicker, west thinner" spatial distribution. Easterly prevailing wind and local topography led to this snow pattern. Superimposed ice induced by snow cover melting in summer thickened multi-year ice,causing it to be thicker than the snow-free SYI. The estimated monthly oceanic heat flux was ～30.0 W/m2 in March–May, reducing to ～10.0 W/m2 during July–October, and increasing to ～15.0 W/m2 in November. The seasonal change and mean value of 15.6 W/m2 was similar to the findings of previous research. The results can be used to further our understanding of landfast ice for climate change study and Chinese Antarctic Expedition services.     

有界赤道大洋波包解及其年际年代际变率

Linearized shallow water perturbation equations with approximation in an equatorial β plane are used to obtain the analytical solution of wave packet anomalies in the upper bounded equatorial ocean. The main results are as follows. The wave packet is a superposition of eastward travelling Kelvin waves and westward travelling Rossby waves with the slowest speed, and satisfies the boundary conditions of eastern and western coasts, respectively.The decay coefficient of this solution to the north and south sides of the equator is inversely proportional only to the phase velocity of Kelvin waves in the upper water. The oscillation frequency of the wave packet, which is also the natural frequency of the ocean, is proportional to its mode number and the phase velocity of Kelvin waves and is inversely proportional to the length of the equatorial ocean in the east-west direction. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 1 most of the time appear as zonal flows with the same direction. They reach the maximum at the center of the equatorial ocean and decay rapidly away from the equator, manifested as equatorially trapped waves. The flow anomalies of the wave packet of Mode 2 appear as the zonal flows with the same direction most of the time in half of the ocean, and are always 0 at the center of the entire ocean which indicates stagnation, while decaying away from the equator with the same speed as that of Mode 1. The spatial structure and oscillation period of the wave packet solution of Mode 1 and Mode 2 are consistent with the changing periods of the surface spatial field and time coefficient of the first and second modes of complex empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis of flow anomalies in the actual equatorial ocean. This indicates that the solution does exist in the real ocean, and that El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole(IOD) are both related to Mode 2.After considering the Indonesian throughflow, we can obtain the length of bounded equatorial ocean by taking the sum of that of the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific Ocean, thus this wave packet can also explain the decadal variability(about 20 a) of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans.     

三区复合凝析气藏多分支水平井压力动态特征

钻井技术的发展使多分支水平井应用于海上凝析气藏开发。根据凝析气藏开采过程中的相变特征,将气藏划分为3个区:Ⅰ区为油气同流区,Ⅱ区为气体流动、油不流动的过渡区,Ⅲ区为纯气区。建立三区复合凝析气藏多分支水平井的解析模型,采用点源函数、Fourier有限余弦积分变换、Green函数等方法求解模型,利用MATLAB软件绘制井底压力特征曲线,分析凝析气藏多分支水平井的渗流规律,对相关参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明:凝析气藏多分支水平井的渗流过程划分为9个阶段;应力敏感效应使第二径向流阶段后的压力特征曲线逐渐上翘;分支井长度增加,分支井线性流持续时间变长;分支井间距减小,两分支井间的压力波相互干扰,导致第二径向流水平段缩短;分支井数量减少使早期的压力特征曲线向上偏移;相邻两区流度比越接近1,曲线后期上移越明显;区域半径影响径向流阶段持续时间。该模型能更准确地模拟凝析气藏多分支水平井的生产动态,为凝析气藏开发提供指导。     

熊俐治疗女性生殖道解脲支原体感染经验

介绍熊俐教授治疗女性生殖道解脲支原体（Uu）感染的临床经验。熊教授认为支原体感染为正气不固,湿毒之邪内侵,治当以除湿解毒,益气扶正,自拟除湿解毒扶正方联合阿奇霉素以治之,取得较好的临床疗效。附验案1则,以资佐证。