Impact of 4DVAR assimilation of rainfall data on the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems in a mei-yu heavy rainfall event

The multi-scale weather systems associated with a mei-yu front and the corresponding heavy precipitation during a particular heavy rainfall event that occurred on 4 5 July 2003 in east China were successfully simulated through rainfall assimilation using the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic, mesoscale, numerical model （MM5） and its four-dimensional, variational, data assimilation （4DVAR） system. For this case, the improvement of the process via the 4DVAR rainfall assimilation into the simulation of mesoscale precipitation systems is investigated. With the rainfall assimilation, the convection is triggered at the right location and time, and the evolution and spatial distribution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are also more correctly simulated. Through the interactions between MCSs and the weather systems at different scales, including the low-level jet and mei-yu front, the simulation of the entire mei-yu weather system is significantly improved, both during the data assimilation window and the subsequent 12-h period. The results suggest that the rainfall assimilation first provides positive impact at the convective scale and the influences are then propagated upscale to the meso- and sub-synoptic scales.
Through a set of sensitive experiments designed to evaluate the impact of different initial variables on the simulation of mei-yu heavy rainfall, it was found that the moisture field and meridional wind had the strongest effect during the convection initialization stage, however, after the convection was fully triggered, all of the variables at the initial condition seemed to have comparable importance.     

球面退化四叉树格网的剖分及变形分析

为有效解决经纬度格网与四元三角网(QTM)在全球空间数据管理与操作中存在的不足,提出一种新的全球离散格网剖分方法——球面退化四叉树格网(DQG),给出该格网的剖分原理与编码规则,并对其进行几何变形计算与分析。结果表明:DQG既具有经纬度格网结构简单的特征,又具有QTM几何变形稳定等优点。     

The REM Adjoint System and Its 4DVar Data Assimilation Experiments

The Regional Eta-coordinate Model(REM) has performed well in forecasting heavy rainfalls in China in recent years.A four-dimensional variational assimilation system(4DVar) is developed to improve the forecast skill of the REM.The tangent linear model and adjoint model codes are written according to thecode to coderule,and the establishment of the REM adjoint modeling system is introduced in detail in this paper.The tangent linear and adjoint models of the REM are validated against the observational data,...     

地应力测量结果的校验和震前观测事实

广东省琼中和甘肃省永靖两地应力站的观测资料,在经过统计分析处理和力学校验后表明,1982年1月25日广东省崖县4.1级地震和1984年1月6日甘肃省武威5.5级两次地震前,相对稳定的区域应力场在孕震后期可能分别受到扰动。测区附加应力状态变化的共同特征是:(1)最大水平主应力曲线呈现非线性变化;(2)主应力方向发生系统偏转;(3)应力的变化趋势在震后迅速恢复稳定,但附加应力水平有所下降。      

四维同化的一些方法

所谓四维同化问题,就是利用一切有效信息,去估计出数值预报所需要的某时刻的大气状态值。本文介绍确定大气初始时刻状态值的一些方法。     

浅谈地图四色印刷与减色印刷

当今科技发展迅猛，令人鼓舞；在地图制印领域里，先进工艺层出不穷，有不少专业杂志登载了一些有关的文章，从不同的角度论述地图四色印刷的优点，但究竟四色印刷与减色印刷的可行程度如何？在此暂不狂作评论，单从其工艺、适用性、经济等方面发表一点粗浅的认识，供参考。     

矿山地理信息系统中的空间和时间四维数据模型

现有的许多地理信息系统（GISs）一般都没有考虑时间这一维数据。本文依据矿山的特点和需求，提出了能满足空间和时间要求的GIS的概念。针对传统数据模型所存在的缺点，以及根据处理历史数据所具有的特点，提出了一种用于矿业开发的空间和时间综合四维数据模型。这种模型通过采用四维空间线性编码技术，可大大减少数据存贮所需的辅助操作。为了适应综合四维数据处理的需要，笔者研究出了一种新的拓扑结构——四维空间和时间因素的拓扑关系。