新息向量的抗差Kalman滤波方法及其在UWB室内导航中的应用

针对超宽带（ultra wideband,UWB）室内导航中非视距（non line of sight,NLOS）测距误差会大幅降低导航精度以及系统噪声的不确定性导致滤波精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于新息向量的抗差Kalman滤波方法。该方法在UWB室内导航线性化模型的基础上,利用单个新息值构造抗差因子矩阵,从而消除非视距测距误差的影响,同时对系统噪声协方差矩阵进行实时估计和修正。实验结果表明,该方法不但能有效地消除非视距测距误差对导航解算的影响,而且能进一步提高导航解算的精度和稳定性。     

非线性参数估计的自适应松弛正则化算法

非线性方程参数估计存在的弊端在于非线性观测方程存在不适定问题时,以线性化平差估计和高斯牛顿为代表的经典数值算法会产生较强的不稳定特征。因此,针对传统非线性最小二乘求解不稳定且可靠性低的特点,基于稳定泛函极小准则最优化思想,提出了一种自适应松弛正则化数值算法。该算法采用正则化参数几何递增计算方法和残差最小步长准则,实现了正则参数和迭代步长计算的完全自适应,提高了非线性迭代收敛效率。以病态仿真数据和水下实测数据为例,验证了该方法的数值收敛解优于线性平差估计解,收敛效率优于迭代Tikhonov正则化方法。     

随机模型对解算西安流动SLR站坐标的影响

合理的参数估计及精度评定不仅需要可靠的函数模型,而且需要正确的随机模型。从权函数和粗差编辑两方面,研究了不同随机模型对西安流动卫星激光测距（satellite laser ranging,SLR）站坐标解算的影响,采用全球Lageos-1卫星观测数据计算了西安流动SLR站坐标。计算结果表明:①西安流动SLR站的观测精度和坐标解算精度均达到厘米级。②随机模型直接影响SLR站坐标的解算结果及可靠性;对于相同的计算弧段,抗差方差分量估计得到的站坐标精度最高、结果最稳定,残差加权均方差最小,观测资料利用率也最高;对于相同的计算方案,采用的SLR数据越多,坐标估计精度越高。     

基于分数阶和二阶总广义变分的乘性去噪模型

针对总变分(TV)模型在去噪时会产生阶梯效应、纹理细节信息丢失的问题,提出一种新的乘性噪声去除模型。该模型采用分数阶变分(FV)和二阶总广义变分(TGV)的正则项。FV的正则项在去噪时可保留图像的纹理信息,TGV的正则项在去噪时可改善阶梯效应。为有效求解该模型,先采用分裂法和交替方向法将原问题转化为两个相关的子问题,再利用原始对偶和梯度下降算法分别对子问题进行求解。对仿真图像进行实验的结果表明,新模型不仅可以提高图像的信噪比,而且可以更好地保留图像的边缘和纹理细节信息,改善阶梯效应。     

基于模糊最大似然估计算法的遥感影像分割

针对模糊K-均值算法依赖于群集原型的初始估计和对于数据中所存在的子群数目做出假设的缺点,结合最大似然估计,提出了不依赖先验假设的模糊聚类法——基于模糊最大似然估计的遥感影像分割算法。该算法在模糊最大似然估计算法中用模糊协方差来计算后验概率,用后验概率矩阵代替隶属度矩阵来进行划分。先用模糊K-均值进行图像预处理,然后用模糊最大似然估计算法进行分割。此外,本文用性能指标参数——超体积指标FHV来评价最优的类别数目。本文通过对模拟影像和真实影像的实验,验证了该算法的有效性和准确性。     

一种基于正交频分复用的高速水声通信技术的研究

OFDM(正交频分复用)是一种适合于在多径衰落和受限带宽信道中进行高速传输的技术。论文把OFDM技术应用于高速水声通信中,设计了一套基于OFDM的高速水声通信系统,阐述了OFDM水声通信系统中同步和信道估计的方法。海上试验证明了系统的有效性。     

Estimates of global M_2 internal tide energy fluxes using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data from October 1992 to June 2002 are used to calculate the global barotropic M2 tidal currents using long-term tidal harmonic analysis. The tides calculated agree well with ADCP data obtained from the South China Sea (SCS). The maximum tide velocities along the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis can be computed from the tidal ellipse. The global distribution of M2 internal tide vertical energy flux from the sea bottom is calculated based on a linear internal wave generation model. The global vertical energy flux of M2 internal tide is 0.96 TW, with 0.36 TW in the Pacific, 0.31 TW in the Atlantic and 0.29 TW in the Indian Ocean, obtained in this study. The total horizontal energy flux of M2 internal tide radiating into the open ocean from the lateral boundaries is 0.13 TW, with 0.06 TW in the Pacific, 0.04TW in the Atlantic, and 0.03 TW in the Indian Ocean. The result shows that the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide M2 provides enough energy to maintain the large-scale thermohaline circulation of the ocean.     

Improvement of Urban Impervious Surface Estimation in Shanghai Using Landsat7 ETM＋ Data

This paper explores the potential to improve the impervious surface estimation accuracy using a multi-stage approach on the basis of vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) model. In the first stage of Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) process, pixel purity index, a quantitative index for defining endmember quality, and a 3-dimensional endmember selection method were applied to refining endmembers. In the second stage, instead of obtaining impervious surface fraction by adding high and low albedo fractions directly, a linear regression model was built between impervious surface and high/low albedo using a random sampling method. The urban impervious surface distribution in the urban central area of Shanghai was predicted by the linear regression model. Estimation accuracy of spectral mixture analysis and impervious surface fraction were assessed using root mean square (RMS) and color aerial photography respectively. In comparison with three different research methods, this improved estimation method has a higher overall accuracy than traditional Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) method and the normalized SMA model both in root mean square error (RMSE) and standard error (SE). However, the model has a tendency to overestimate the impervious surface distribution. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40701177)     

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China

This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and sets up an evaluation model applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the data of nature, society, economics and water resources of the Tarim River Basin in 2002, we evaluated the water resources carrying capacity of the basin by means of the model. The results show that the comprehensive grades are 0.438 and 0.454 for Aksu and Kashi prefectures respectively, where the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree and there is only a very limited water carrying capacity, 0.620 for Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, where water resources carrying capacity is much higher, and in between for Hotan Prefecture and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. As a whole, the comprehensive grade of the Tarim River Basin is 0.508 and the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree. Thus, we suggest that the integrated management of the water resources in the basin should be strengthened in order to utilize water resources scientifically and sustainably.