考虑溶洞顶板自重时桩端持力岩层安全厚度计算方法

通过对溶洞顶板持力层模型的合理简化,进一步完善了已有研究成果的溶洞顶板持力层抗冲切、抗剪切厚度公式,考虑自重影响因素。提出了可以考虑有效宽度、自重等影响因素的单向板、双向板抗拉弯破坏溶洞顶板持力层厚度公式。该公式力学概念清晰,计算简便。进一步结合工程实际中各种参数的取值范围,按照常规抗冲切、抗剪切和抗拉弯破坏模式,得出一般情况下溶洞持力层顶板抗冲切、抗剪切净厚度大于2.5～3.5倍桩径和抗拉弯破坏顶板总厚度大于5.0～5.5倍桩径即可满足设计要求。该研究可供岩溶区桥梁桩基工程设计和施工参考。     

应用天然^32Si测定地下水年龄的新方法——切伦科夫计数法

^32Si是放射性同位素，它衰变时发射低量（≈0.1MeV)的β－－射线（电子）并生成子体^32P。^32P是一个常用的放射性同位素，衰变时发射高能量（1.7MeV）的β－－射线，半衰期为14.3d，容易测量，因此使^32Si的放射性测量变得较为方便。^32Si和^32P在2－3个月内可达到放射性平衡。^32P的放射性通常用切伦科夫计数法测量。应用^32Si作为示踪剂测定地下水年龄范围为50-1000a，大约需要200mg Si。用Fe(OH)3共沉淀法从天然水中提取SiO2回收率可达60％－95％，然后提取^32P。将H3PO4溶液和TritonX-100混合制备计数溶液，用液体闪烁计数法测量^32P的方向性，最后用公式计算^32Si的放射性浓度。     

高切坡超前支护桩与坡体共同作用分析

针对高切坡施工常常导致边坡失稳破坏,诱发滑坡发生的现象,提出采用超前支护桩整治不稳定高切坡的设计理论。采用解藕方法研究了超前支护桩与开挖坡体之间的相互作用机制,其中高切坡开挖面采用弹性理论分析;超前支护桩采用可以考虑桩侧向土体屈服的弹塑性理论进行桩的内力理论解,根据两者之间荷载变形关系建立联系求解,为高切坡超前支护桩的设计提供依据。结果表明：桩土相互作用力大于常规主动土压力,与边坡开挖量、开挖高度、支护桩的刚度以及土体性质等因素密切相关。     

GPS卫星星历计算的研究

针对目前存在的两种GPS卫星星历,分别给出了计算卫星星历的方法,并结合实际观测数据进行了比较,给出了比较结果,得出了星历精度的有益结论。     

基于水压致裂法的岩石抗拉强度研究

为了揭示水压致裂法和巴西劈裂法测量岩石抗拉强度的关系,开展了理论和现场试验研究。基于经典的水压致裂法理论,推导了不同围压下钻孔破裂压力和抗拉强度。利用断裂力学理论建立了水压致裂法和巴西劈裂法测得抗拉强度的关系。利用预制切槽方法模拟天然裂纹,对水力裂缝的起裂压力进行了研究。结果表明：围压为最大主应力等于3倍最小主应力测得的抗拉强度大于围压为0测得的抗拉强度;水压致裂法和巴西劈裂法测量抗拉强度关系与应力场、裂纹长度、断裂韧度3个变量有关;通过在晋城矿区王台铺矿的预制切槽试验,运用断裂力学建立的抗拉强度计算式更为符合现场实际。研究结果可为坚硬难垮落顶板预制切槽的水力压裂设计提供参考。     

2015年热带气旋“彩虹”的高分辨率数值模拟与风场诊断分析

利用WRF模式,对热带气旋“彩虹”（1522）登陆过程开展了高分辨率数值模拟,模拟验证表明:模式较成功地模拟出了“彩虹”的移动路径、强度变化和降水分布。利用高分辨率模拟资料,分析了“彩虹”登陆期间的大风分布以及热、动力结构特征,结合切向风动量方程开展了模拟诊断,结果表明:切向风动量方程各项在近地面层和边界层顶代表高度上的平面结构诊断分析显示,近地面（0.4 km）层上,VVOR（角动量径向平流项）和VPGF（切向气压梯度项）是切向风变化的最大贡献项;边界层顶（1.3 km）附近,VPGF和VVA（切向动量垂直平流项）对切向风起到正加速作用,而VVOR则根据入流（出流）特征,起到正（负）加速作用。切向风动量方程各项的轴对称平均结构诊断分析显示,“彩虹”登陆前,VVA和VVOR是决定切向风变化的主要贡献项。     

青藏高原东缘大渡河中游深切河谷沉积物及其地震地质意义

青藏高原东缘的大渡河中游泸定—石棉段呈深切河谷地貌,发育岩崩、滑坡、古地震堰塞湖、冲洪积扇等不同类型的堆积物、沉积物。基于野外调查、遥感解译、剖面测量和光释光测年(OSL)发现,这些沉积物记录了龙门山断裂带西南段——冷碛镇断裂2万年来的两期活动,可能是2次古地震事件。第一期发生在18ka左右,冷碛镇断裂切割了晚更新世的角砾状砂层和岩崩堆积物,显示右行走滑特征。这期变形促使大渡河堵塞,形成得威乡古堰塞湖,其堵江位置位于加郡乡—得妥乡的V型深切河谷段。第二期活动冷碛镇断裂切割了湖相地层,并破坏了堰塞湖,可能发生在11ka左右。新发现对于全面认识龙门山断裂带的活动历史、序列及方式具有重要意义。     

Kanfenggou UHP Metamorphic Fragment in Eastern Qinling Orogen and Its Relationship to Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts, Central China

In the Central Orogenic Belt, China, two UHP metamorphic belts are discriminated mainly based on a detailed structural analysis of the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment exposed in the eastern Qinling orogen, and together with previous regional structural, petrological and geochronological data at the scale of the orogenic domain. The first one corresponds to the South Altun-North QaidamNorth Qinling UHP metarnorphic belt. The other is the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts. The two UHP metamorphic belts are separated by a series of tectonic slices composed by the Qiniing rock group, Danfeng rock group and Liuling or Foziling rock group etc. respectively, and are different in age of the peak UHP metamorphism and geodynamic implications for continental deep subduction and collision. Regional field and petrological relationships suggest that the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment that contains a large volume of the coesite- and microdiamond-bearing eclogite lenses is compatible with the structures recognized in the South Altun and North Qaidam UHP metamorphic fragments exposed in the western part of China, thereby forming a large UHP metamorphic belt up to 1000 km long along the orogen strike. This UHP metamorphic belt represents an intercontinental deep subduction and collision belt between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons, occurred during the Paleozoic. On the other hand, the well-constrained Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts occurred mainly during Triassic time (250-220 Ma), and were produced by the intracontinental deep subduction and collision within the Yangtze craton. The Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment does not appear to link with the DabieSulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts along the orogen. There is no reason to assume the two UHP metamorphic belts as a single giant deep subduction and collision zone in the Central Orogenic Belt situated between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons. Therefore, any dynamic model for the orogen must ac-count for the development of UHP metarnorphic rocks belonging to the separate two tectonic belts of different age and tectono-metamorphic history.     

基于广义延拓的GPS精密星历插值方法

在GPS定位中需要计算所需时刻卫星坐标,针对现有的插值法和拟合法的局限性,给出一种分段光滑的数值逼近方法——广义延拓插值。讨论广义延拓插值精度与三参数选取的关系,并与切比雪夫多项式插值结果进行比较分析。     

Moisture Transport in the Asian Summer Monsoon Region and Its Relationship with Summer Precipitation in China

The characteristics of moisture transport over the Asian summer monsoon region and its relationship with summer precipitation in China are examined by a variety of statistical methods using the NCEP/NC AR reanalysis data for 1948-2005.The results show that:1) The zonal-mean moisture transport in the Asian monsoon region is unique because of monsoon activities.The Asian summer monsoon region is a dominant moisture sink during summer.Both the Indian and East Asian monsoon areas have their convergence cente...