兴隆1m光学望远镜杂散光效应研究

兴隆1m光学望远镜采取了加装挡板等基于经验和定性分析的杂散光抑制措施。用Tracepro光学分析软件对圆顶内1m望远镜的杂散光传播路径做了计算和分析,提出了对1m望远镜的杂散光抑制的改进措施,通过在Tracepro中计算的系统杂散光"归一化点源辐照度透过率(PSNIT)"函数对改进措施进行了评价。计算结果表明:对于有效视场外30°范围的杂散源,改进措施可使得1m望远镜的PSNIT全部下降到10-10;模拟1m望远镜在满月条件下对偏月25°的天体观测(R波段、15等星、t=15~150s),1m望远镜观测信噪比可提高约147%。     

“苏定强星”命名仪式在浙江隆重举行

为表彰苏定强院士为我国乃至国际天文事业做出的贡献,值“第三届海峡两岸天文望远镜及仪器学术研讨会”期间,2009年7月21日下午,在浙江省海宁市隆重举行了”苏定强星”命名仪式。首先,南京天文光学技术研究所崔向群所长介绍了苏定强院士的学术贡献。     

Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance

Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea. It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage. A means for distinguish- ing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom （Skeletonema costatum） blooms is desired. On the basis of measure- ments of remote sensing refectance [Rrs（λ）] and inherent optical parameters, the potential of using a mul- tispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P. donghaiense from those due to S. costatum. The behavior of two reflectance ratios [R1 = Rrs（560）/Rrs（532） and Re = Rrs（708）/Rrs（665）], suggests that differentiation of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors. It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P. donghaiense; （1） R1 〉 1.55 and R2 〈 1.0 or （2） R1 〉 1.75 and R2 ≥ 1.0. Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） as well as changes in the backscattering ratio （bbp/bp） on the efficacy of this muitispectral approach. Results indicate that the intensity and inherent op- tical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios. Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs（λ）, especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands, the discrimination between P. donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp. Since aCDOM （440） in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m-1 in most situations, the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination, even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm-1. Despite all of these effects, the dis- crimination of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs（λ） is feasible.     

西北地区一次典型沙尘过程中气溶胶垂直分布和来源分析

利用CALIPSO卫星星载激光雷达数据、MERRA-2再分析数据和GDAS(global data as-similation system)气象数据,采用聚类分析和根据气溶胶雷达比的分类方法,研究2020年4月9日甘肃酒泉地区一次典型的沙尘天气在传输过程中沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布特性和来源.结果表明:本次沙尘过程中,沙尘...     

新矿物(2007.1～2007.12)

本文以表格的形式列举了经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMNC)批准、并于2007年度正式发表的新矿物共25种。其中硅酸盐7种,磷酸盐2种,硒酸盐1种,硫酸盐2种,碳酸盐2种,钨酸盐1种,硼酸盐2种,砷化物1种,硫盐5种,氢氧化物2种。文中表格依次列出了矿物的中外文名称及化学式、晶系及晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产状及共生(伴生)组合等。     

基于ALOS光学影像的2008年汶川地震震害信息提取

本文基于ALOS光学影像对2008年5月12日发生的四川汶川大地震灾区进行了震害信息提取。由于本次地震造成了大范围的山体滑坡,我们尝试利用震前和震后获取的ALOS/AVNIR-2影像进行滑坡区域信息提取。首先利用分级方法提取植被和水体信息,对植被和水体进行掩膜之后通过基于像元的分类将裸地信息从震前和震后的影像中提取出来,两幅影像中裸地信息的差异则被认为是滑坡。同时在被滑坡阻塞的河流地区,水平面的上升情况也被提取出来。除此以外本文利用由SRTM获得的DEM数据对坡度和滑坡发生之间的关系进行了研究。     

高分航空光学遥感影像的山体阴影去除方法

阴影是山区高分航空影像严重的干扰因素,去除山体阴影有助于提高实景三维建设、林业调查、变化检测等应用的准确性和有效性。本文构建了高分航空遥感影像的山体阴影指数(MSI),并提出了基于色彩迁移和色彩均衡的阴影去除方法。采用覆盖山区的0.2 m航空影像进行试验,结果表明,MSI和阈值分割法可以有效地检测航空影像的山体阴影,而结合对象化色彩迁移和基于邻域的非线性色彩均衡的阴影去除法既能有效地消除山体阴影,又能使阴影区域恢复纹理细节,色彩更贴合于非阴影区域,达到影像整体色彩更加均衡的效果。分析阴影去除前后的统计指标发现,随着阴影的去除,各波段平均值和标准差都明显增加,说明阴影区域的亮度有提高且色彩层次更加丰富。     

中国近海海洋光学特性及其分布

在"我国近海海洋综合调查与评价"的光学调查项目中,通过2006年夏季、冬季和2007年春季、秋季的中国近海海洋光学调查试验,获取了表观光学资料、固有光学资料和相应的辅助资料。利用这些数据,开展了中国近海海洋光学特性及其分布研究工作。(1)通过分析特征波段遥感反射比(Rrs(412)和Rrs(490))的分布情况,发现主要河口有着明显的区域性和季节性变化特点。(2)通过分析遥感反射比光谱资料,发现了不同区域遥感反射比光谱体现了不同的特点,而且成因不同。(3)通过分析400nm水色要素吸收系数分布情况,发现了河流陆源物质输入对近岸非色素颗粒物分布特性有重要影响,其次对黄色物质也有很大的影响,而浮游植物及其腐烂降解的产物对水体中黄色物质浓度产生的影响不大。(4)通过分析400nm水色三要素吸收系数占总吸收系数比例,发现不同海区光学特性的主要影响要素也各不相同。     

Optical closure of parameterized bio-optical relationships

An optical closure study on bio-optical relationships was carried out using radiative transfer model matrix operator method developed by Freie Universitt Berlin.As a case study,the optical closure of bio-optical relationships empirically parameterized with in situ data for the East China Sea was examined.Remote-sensing refl ectance(R rs)was computed from the inherent optical properties predicted by these biooptical relationships and compared with published in situ data.It was found that the simulated R rs was overestimated for turbid water.To achieve optical closure,bio-optical relationships for absorption and scattering coeffi cients for suspended particulate matter were adjusted.Furthermore,the results show that the Fournier and Forand phase functions obtained from the adjusted relationships perform better than the Petzold phase function.Therefore,before bio-optical relationships are used for a local sea area,the optical closure should be examined.     

Aerosol Type Identification Using PARASOL Multichannel Polarized Data

PARASOL （Polarization ＆ Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Ob- servations from a Lidar） multi-channel and mul- ti-directional polarized data for different aerosol types were compared. The PARASOL polarized radiance data at 490 nm, 670 nm, and 865 nm increased with aerosol optical thickness （AOT） for fine-mode aerosols; however, the polarized radiances at 490 nm and 670 nm decreased as AOT increased for coarse dust aerosols. Thus, the vari- ation of the polarized radiance with AOT can be used to identify fine or coarse particle-dominated aerosols. Polar- ized radiances at three wavelengths for fine- and coarse-mode aerosols were analyzed and fitted by linear regression. The slope of the line for 670 nm and 490 nm wavelength pairs is less than 0.35 for dust aerosols. However, the value for fine-mode aerosols is greater than 0.60. The Support Vector Machine method （SVM） based on 12 vector features was used to discriminate clear sky, coarse dust aerosols, fine-mode aerosols, and cloud. Two cases were given and validated by AErosol RObotic NETwork （AERONET） measurements, MODIS （Mod- erate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） FMF （Fine Mode Fraction at 550 nm） images, PARASOL RGB （Red Green Blue） images, and CALIOP （Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization） VFM （Vertical Feature Mask） data.