浅析香港地区一次大面积降雨过程中的GPS可降水量特征

利用GPS反演可降水量资料和香港天文台发布的天气资料,对香港地区2014-03-30一次大面积降水过程中水汽变化特征进行分析。结果表明,强降水可能出现在GPS可降水量峰值之前,降水发生前后常伴随GPS可降水量的突变现象|香港地区复杂的地形条件是导致降水前后GPS可降水量变化差异的重要因素之一,单基站获取的有效水汽分布范围要因地而异|绘制GPS可降水量等值线时序图能直观地分析水汽传输过程。     

可定位图像移动采集系统设计

针对GIS数据采集多源化、实时化以及移动化的行业需求,提出了可定位图像表达模型,并通过Android移动终端实现图像内容、元数据、位置、方位以及地址描述等多源信息实时采集与综合集成;同时从效率、可靠性角度分析了无线传输机制的优缺点,并采用TCP传输方式实现了可定位图像传输。通过测试表明：可定位图像能准确地在地图上反映出图像拍摄位置与方位,并能在不同制式、速率无线网络环境中可靠地完成图像传输。     

从FY-4静止气象卫星估算晴空地表下行长波辐射通量的反演模式

通过红外辐射传输模拟,计算了446183条全球晴空大气廓线的地表下行长波辐射通量以及FY-4成像仪通道亮温,应用统计回归分析模拟结果,建立了通道亮温与低层大气有效辐射温度的回归关系、大气柱总可降水量与低层大气比辐射率的回归关系,依据黑体辐射定律建立了由卫星观测估算地表下行长波辐射通量的反演模式。初步地,模式应用于FY-4成像仪代理资料Meteosat-8卫星的SEVIRI（Spring Enhanced Visible and Infared Imager）仪器观测数据,估算了2006年8月1日00:00（协调世界时,下同）、06:00、12:00、18:00地理范围在（45°S～45°N,45°W～45°E）的地表下行长波辐射通量,结果与用ECMWF 6 h预报场资料经验计算的通量相比,系统均方根误差（RMS）依次为12.1、13.0、20.7、12.5 W/m2,相关系数分别为0.9256、0.9291、0.9042、0.9325,相比于GOES-R同类产品（RMS=13.7 W/m2）,这一直接把卫星通道亮温与低层大气温度相联系的反演模式,其精度性能达到了应用研究对其反演产品的质量要求。     

利用OI 135.6 nm夜气辉辐射探测电离层峰值电子密度及电子总含量的研究

测量夜间135.6 nm大气气辉辐射强度是目前有效的电离层探测方式之一,我国即将在风云三号卫星上搭载仪器,利用该波段夜气辉辐射测量来反演电子总含量(本文所指电子总含量表示卫星高度以下大气柱的电子含量)及峰值电子密度,因此非常有必要开展相关的气辉发光模型及反演研究.在介绍氧原子135.6 nm波段夜气辉激发机制基础上,考虑辐射在传输过程中受到大气氧原子的散射及氧气分子的吸收,采用迭代法求解包含多次散射及大气吸收衰减的辐射传输方程,得到该波段的体发射率,最终通过考虑包含辐射传输的路径积分计算得到135.6 nm气辉辐射强度值.对结果的分析表明:该气辉模型能较好地描述体发射率随高度的分布特征,计算得到的135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度在不同时空及太阳活动的分布与相应条件下峰值电子密度(N_mF₂)及电子总含量(TEC)的分布基本一致.相同的时空及太阳活动输入条件下,模式计算的135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度与国外同类模式结果的值平均偏差约为3%.文中最后介绍了通过135.6 nm夜气辉的辐射强度探测来反演电离层峰值电子密度N_mF₂及电子总含量TEC的反演方法.     

A new way to measure the departure from thermodynamic equilibrium in stellar atmospheres

A new way to measure the departure from thermodynamic equilibrium is proposed based on the departure factor which evaluates the deviation from a Boltzmann level distribution, used by Short and Hauschildt (2005) and others. The way is based on an explicit relationship describing the departure factor as a function of line to continuum source, dynamic temperature and line photon frequency, under three assumptions that the scattering can be neglected, the background continuum can be treated as a Planck function, and finally the complete redistribution can be true. It has the advantage that the departure can be very conveniently evaluated from the spectral analysis with only the radiative transfer involved. Some physical insights are recovered for some extreme cases.Some example calculations of the departure are presented for the quiet Sun, faint solar flare and strong solar flare for the generally used solar chromospheric lines: Hα, Hβ,CaII H, K and triplet. It is revealed that in the case of solar flares, the departure is less than thermodynamic equilibrium along the larger depth range than in the quiet sun due to chromospheric condensation. It becomes hard to distinguish the departures for the different lines of the same atom or ion. It is expected that this investigation can be constructive for studying stellar atmospheres in cases where the three assumptions are close to reality.     

利用现代信息技术实现电视气象节目光缆传输

介绍通过现代信息技术的巧妙应用,建立网络审片机制。利用信息技术改造传统工作流程,解决了困扰多年的浙江电视气象节目的传送瓶颈问题,由人工送带转为光缆传输,在节目传送时效上、安全性、经济性上前进了一大步。     

南京北郊黑碳气溶胶的浓度观测及辐射强迫研究

利用2008年南京大学浦口校区气溶胶采样数据对碳气溶胶的浓度变化特征进行了分析,建立了由气溶胶光学参量计算模块(OPAC)和辐射传输模型(TUV)组成的箱模式,并结合实际观测资料,利用该模式对南京北郊黑碳气溶胶的光学厚度及辐射强迫进行了评估。结果表明:南京北郊黑碳气溶胶(BC)的年平均浓度为6.7±4.6μg/m3,有机碳气溶胶(OC)的年平均浓度为21.3±13.3μg/m3,有机碳与黑碳气溶胶浓度的平均比值为3.4。黒碳气溶胶浓度具有夏季低、冬春季高的特点。由箱模式计算得到的黒碳气溶胶的年均光学厚度为0.07,年均吸收系数为44 Mm–1。白天正午晴空条件下黑碳所造成的最大瞬时地面辐射强迫可达-22.9±14.3 W/m2,在大气层顶造成的最大瞬时辐射强迫为12.5±7.3 W/m2。     

遵义新一代天气雷达拼图资料传输监控系统简介

利用Visual Basic 6.0对串口通信的编程技术,实现对雷达回波数据采集、处理及资料传输实时监控,解决在雷达系统突发性故障或资料传输失败情况下,监控程序将自动拨打值班人员电话,实现自动监控报警功能,便于值班人员及时采取措施进行处理。从而有效提高雷达拼图传输率,保障雷达业务正常运行。     

IMPACTS OF ATOVS DATA ASSIMILATION ON PREDICTION OF A RAINSTORM OVER SOUTHEAST CHINA

Using the Advanced Research WRF (ARW WRF) model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational analysis (3DVAR) system, the impact of assimilating ATOVS (Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) radiance through the prototype Community Radiative Transfer Model (pCRTM) is evaluated on the forecasting of a heavy rainstorm occurring over the central Guangdong province in the southeast of China on 20-21 June 2005. A pair of comparison experiments (NODA and DA) for this case is conducted with multiple configurations, including nesting domains with 4-km and 12-km grid distances. The results showed that by changing the initial condition through data assimilation, a modified divergence and moisture field with the structure of dipoles has been added to the axis of the rainband with a southwest-northeast orientation. When more moisture carried by a southwesterly low level jet (LLJ) was converged into the northeast portion of the rainband around the observatory station of Longmen, the amplitude of moisture static energy (MSE) increased substantially at low levels much more than at middle levels, resulting in the enlarging of differences in MSE between 500 hPa and 850 hPa; the atmosphere became more unstable. Consequently, the convective rainfall increased in the northeast part of the province around the Longmen station, which was consistent with the observed distribution of rainfall.     

利用MICAPS资料传输程序实现PCVSAT接收资料异地共享技术研究

本文主要介绍了在现有通信网络的基础上,采取两级传输的网络架构,利用MICAPS系统的资料传输程序实现PCVSAT小站接收资料在地县两级气象台站及不同部门间共享的技术原理和实现步骤。