汶川8级地震后对地震数据远程传输方式的思考

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级特大地震,是继1976年唐山大地震后的又一人间悲剧。灾难过后,痛定思痛,如何保证在非常时期将地震数据可靠地传输回台网管理中心,为研究人员提供完整的数据波形,是地震观测技术人员在这次地震后应该慎重思考的问题之一。本文收集比较了中国地震部门常用的4种地震数据传输方式在8.0级特大地震中的表现,供同行参考。     

基于神经网络的超光谱热红外辐射传输模型快速算法

基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络技术设计了一种新的超光谱热红外大气辐射传输模型快速算法,通过模拟实验,确定神经网络样本和输入输出数据,并对典型波段训练出相应的多层神经网络,用于快速计算超光谱热红外大气顶部辐射传输亮度.实验中分别训练了9 μm、10 μm和12μm波长处相应的神经网络,实验结果表明所建算法不仅具有较高的计算精度,而且每个波长对应亮温的计算速度比利用4A模型的计算速度最多可提高100倍以上,同时,在波段的选择上也具有更高的灵活性.     

Study on Dynamic Response of the ＂Dualistic＂ Structure Rock Slope with Seismic Wave Theory

Currently, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis on dynamic response mechanism of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure roek slope. The analysis presented here provides insight into the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistie＂ structure rock slope. By investigating the principle of energy distribution, it is shown that the effect of a joint plays a significant role in slope stability analysis. A dynamic reflection and transmission model （RTM） for the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope and explicit dynamic equations are established to analyze the dynamic response of a slope, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the principle of seismic wave propagation. The theoretical simulation solutions show that the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope （soft-hard） model is greater than that of the ＂Dualistic＂ strueture rock slope （hard-soft） model, especially in the slope crest. The magnifying effect of rigid foundation on the dynamic response is more obvious than that of soft foundation. With the amplitude increasing, the cracks could be found in the right slope （soft-hard） crest. The crest failure is firstly observed in the right slope （soft-hard） during the experimental process. The reliability of theoretical model is also investigated by experiment analysis. The conclusions derived in this paper could also be used in future evaluations of Multi-layer rock slopes.     

随钻测量信号中继器的设计与实现

为解决随钻测量系统信号在传输中衰减的问题,设计研制了随钻测量信号中继器,在钻孔到达一定深度测量系统信号衰减严重时,在两根中心通缆式钻杆间接入中继器继续测量,有效地解决了信号衰减问题,增强了信号驱动能力,延长了信号的传输距离,保证了随钻定向测量系统的正常工作。      

一个三维Monte-Carlo地气耦合辐射传输模式

建立了一个可靠和较高计算效率的三维Monte-Carlo地气耦合辐射传输模式(3DMC).该模式在光子释放和定位、地气耦合、辐射率高分辨模拟计算和计算效率等方面有所发展.     

海南省气象电信业务简介

从气象电报传输,气象电报传输备份系统、台风位置报接收、航危报传输及自动填图等几方面对海南省气象电信业务进行简单介绍。     

FIELD OBSERVATIONS ON BED SEDIMENTS AND SANDWAVES IN CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

A series of advanced instruments were applied to obtain the field data of bed, bed forms and relevant dynamic factors in the 150 km-long reach of the Changjiang River from Jiangyin to Hengsha Island in March 2002. We found that well-sorted fine sand was in the majority of the bed sediment,which had a median diameter of 2φ. Well-developed sandwaves were formed because the grains jumped together on the bed, which was related to the granularity and current velocity during theflood-ebb tidal cycles.     

ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SEDIMENTATION PROBLEMS

This keynote lecture addresses engineering sedimentation problems in estuarine and coastal environments and practical solutions of these problems based on the results of field measurements, laboratory scale models and numerical models. The three most basic design rules are: (1) try to understand the physical system based on available field data; perform new field measurements if the existing field data set is not sufficient (do not reduce on the budget for field measurements); (2)try to estimate the morphological effects of engineering works based on simple methods (rules of thumb, simplified models, analogy models, i.e. comparison with similar cases elsewhere); and (3)use detailed models for fine-tuning and determination of uncertainties (sensitivity study trying to find the most influencial parameters). Engineering works should be designed in such a way that side effects (sand trapping, sand starvation, downdrift erosion) are minimum. Furthermore, engineering works should be designed and constructed or built in harmony rather than in conflict with nature. This ‘building with nature‘ approach requires a profound understanding of the sediment transport processes in morphological systems.     

饱和地基中地下结构地震反应若干问题研究

简要综述笔者所在课题组近十年在饱和地基中地下结构抗震研究方面的主要成果,包括：（1）饱和两相介质中波动方程及波动特性的探究;（2）动力有限元计算的传输边界研发;（3）饱和地基中地下结构地震反应离心机模型试验研究;（4）饱和地基中地下结构地震响应的有限元分析;（5）饱和砂土地基中地下结构上浮机理研究等。这些成果以较为深入地研究饱和两相介质波动理论为基础,通过模型试验、数值仿真、机理探究等方法认知饱和地基中地下结构地震反应机理,对于完善饱和地基中地下结构抗震设计方法及提高抗震安全措施等均具有参考价值。     

降雨对PR雷达海面风速探测的影响及校正

针对降雨雷达(PR)海面测风精度易受降雨影响的特点,本文从雨滴对雷达信号的二次路径衰减效应、体后向散射效应以及雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应这三个因素出发,推导了降雨条件下PR雷达方程,并利用Ku波段雨滴衰减模型、球形雨滴体后向散射模型结合2010年6~8月的PR观测数据以及TMI风速数据对PR降雨雷达方程进行逆向求解,定量分析了降雨对PR测风精度的影响,发现降雨对PR回波信号的影响主要表现为雨滴的二次路径衰减效应和雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应,雨滴的体后向散射效应相对最弱;而且,雨滴的二次路径衰减效应和雨滴的体后向散射效应均随降雨强度以及雷达波束在降雨层传输经过的路径增加而增强;雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应对回波能量具有衰减作用,且衰减作用随降雨强度以及入射角的增加而增强.最后,将雨滴体后向散射效应和雨滴对海表的"溅射"效应合并考虑,构建了降雨条件下PR雷达降雨辐射传输模型,并结合2012年6~10月三次台风观测数据对模型精度进行了验证,结果表明,校正前PR观测等与海面风场引起的σ0平均偏差为2.95 dB,均方差为3.10 dB;校正后二者之间的平均偏差为0.64 dB,均方差为1.61 dB,表明本文方法能有效补偿降雨对PR观测σ0衰减的部分.