伊朗的石油工业结构与布局分析

伊朗经济是靠石油工业来进行支撑的。石油工业在极大程度上决定了伊朗的区域经济空间结构。宏观层面上来讲,它决定了全国西部发达、东部落后的总体区域空间格局;微观层面上。它决定了行省区域内部增长极的出现和壮大,进而发展成为一个行政省的中心城市。而这一切,都与石油工业自身布局密切相关。因此．考察伊朗石油工业布局以及了解其工业结构都有助于找到伊朗目前区域经济空间结构形成的背后原因。本文从两个角度介绍了伊朗石油工业：首先介绍了石油工业的结构,重点介绍了伊朗国家石油公司（MOC）,以便能从行政等级的角度了解其内部构成状况;接着,系统描述了石油工业的布局状况,从空间的角度进行横向了解。同时,我们还运用ArcGIS软件将1978年、1993年和2004年的地图进行叠加以方便观察石油工业布局随着社会经济发展出现的空间变化．使得能从时间的角度纵向了解该工业的布局变化．从而为未来的空间预测建立良好的基础。     

伊朗Kashan 地区库姆盆地层序地层及沉积体系分布

中伊朗库姆盆地 Kashan(卡山)地区是中国石化海外重要的勘探区块,并首钻ARN-1井成功。该区是始新世中期—中新世中期形成的一个弧后边缘海盆地,其库姆组以浅海相的碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积为主。依据野外露头、钻井、测井、地震等资料建立了库姆组层序地层格架,划分为2个二级层序（SS1和SS2）和5个三级层序即S1—S5。并通过层序地层的划分对比分析了该区各层序的沉积体系的演化及展布特征,主要为三次海侵形成三期沉积体系：即S1层序为初次海侵期（A,B段,C1亚段）,S2层序为沉降充填期（C2,C3,C4亚段）,S3—S5再次海侵期（D—E段）。最后探讨了油气勘探意义。     

利用IGS数据分析伊朗、巴基斯坦两次强震前的TEC异常

利用IGS发布的总电子含量（TEC）数据,采用从点到面的滑动标准差法,分析了伊朗和巴基斯坦两次强震前的TEC变化,发现两次强震前都出现TEC异常,表现为：(1)4月16日震前14日和16日出现TEC减少异常;(2)9月24日震前的19日、20日和21日出现TEC增大异常;(3)从平面分析上看两次地震前都出现了一定区域的TEC异常,异常程度从异常中心到外逐渐减弱,但异常中心不一定在震中位置。     

土耳其计划将伊朗天然气经土输往欧洲

土耳其国务部长耶尔马兹3日在首都安卡拉举行的土伊联合经济委员会会议上表示,土耳其计划将伊朗的天然气经过土耳其输往欧洲。     

Soil organic carbon stock as affected by land use/cover changes in the humid region of northern Iran

This study was conducted to determine the changes in the soil carbon stocks as influenced by land use in a humid zone of Deylaman district(10,876 ha), a mountainous region of northern Iran. For this, land use maps were produced from TM and ETM+ images for 1985, 2000 and 2010 years; and this was supplemented by field measurement of soil carbon in 2010. The results showed that the mean soil organic carbon(SOC) density was 6.7±1.8 kg C m-2, 5.2±3.4 kg C m-2 and 3.2±1.8 kg C m-2 for 0-20 cm soil layer and 4.8±1.9 kg C m-2, 3.1±2 kg C m-2 and 2.7±1.8 kg C m-2 for 20-40 cm soil layer in forest, rangeland and cultivated land, respectively. During the past 25 years, 14.4% of the forest area had been converted to rangeland; and 28.4% of rangelands had been converted to cultivated land. According to the historical land use changes in the study area, the highest loss of SOC stocks resulted from the conversion of the forest to rangeland(0.45×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm depth layer); and the conversion of rangeland to cultivated land(0.37×104 Mg C in 0-40 cm), which typically led to the loss of soil carbon in the area studied. The knowledge on the historical land use changes and its influence on overall SOC stocks could be helpful for making management decision for farmers and policy managers in the future, for enhancing the potential of C sequestration in northern Iran.     

伊朗Y油田水平井钻井技术

伊朗Y油田水平井面临着地质岩性多变、地质靶区不确定、裸眼井段长、井眼摩阻大、长水平段井眼轨迹控制困难等一系列钻井技术难点。结合Y油田一期水平井钻井实践,详细总结、形成了包括井身结构优化、螺杆钻具类型及其稳定器外径优选、钻头选型、侧钻钻具组合优选、水平井段优快钻井、KCl聚磺钻井液在内的6项水平井钻井技术。该技术在YS9井得到成功应用,定向段和水平段施工比设计提前12.4 d。Y油田水平井优快钻井技术的应用,能够提高钻井成功率,缩短水平井的建井周期,降低钻井成本,对Y油田后续的水平井施工起到一定的指导和借鉴作用。     

Discrimination of Different Erosion Levels of Porphyry Cu Deposits using ASTER Image Processing in Eastern Iran: a Case Study in the Maherabad, Shadan, and Chah Shaljami Areas

The Lut block, eastern Iran, is one of the most extensive Cenozoic magmatic rocks, that show suitable targets for porphyry Cu-Au and high-sulfidation epithermal Au related to porphyry Cu-Au mineralization. In this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） was used to identify different erosion levels of three porphyry Cu deposits, including Maherabad, Shadan, and Chah Shaljami, located in the Lut block volcanic-plutonic belt. Alteration minerals, including kaolinite, dickite, alunite, jarosite, epidote, chlorite, montmorillonite, muscovite, biotite, orthoclase, gypsum, and quartz, are selected to map different alteration zones and erosion levels. Distributions of end-members are mapped by using the SAM and MTMF in VNIR and SWIR of ASTER bands and the results are evaluated against the field studies. For some end-members, the results of SAM processing are more reliable compared to the MTMF because the latter looses field spectra. The use of angle threshold in the SAM, and MF-score and infeasibility value in the MTMF or low abundance of some end-members, and finally comparison of output images of spectral processing show good correlation with alteration maps. Differentiation and explanation of various erosion levels of porphyry Cu deposits are done successfully by using the ASTER sensor data.     

地缘位势视角下中美俄与伊朗的地缘关系解析

在厘清空间视角下权力作用机制的基础上,构建地缘位势模型,刻画“9·11”事件后中美俄在伊朗的地缘位势演化特征,结合国别研究尝试解读中美俄与伊朗的地缘关系,主要得出以下结论：1）美国在伊朗的地缘位势在负向高位区间频繁波动,俄罗斯的位势在正向中位区间小幅波动,美国和俄罗斯的波动呈现“强－强”机制,中国的位势变化则与其较为剥离,呈“S”型曲线大幅增长。2）中美俄在伊朗的地缘位势是地理位置、地缘外交、地缘经济和地缘文化各要素共同作用的结果,其中地理位置是基底要素,地缘外交是决定要素,地缘经济是驱动要素,地缘文化是协作要素。3）中伊的地缘战略空间互补性重叠,中国综合国力的增强和双边经贸依赖的加深提升着地缘关系的强度和密度;美伊的地缘关系偶有缓和但总体较差,呈现出的波动性是国内政治生态和国际政治环境下的双重应答;俄伊地缘关系紧密缘于传统地理空间邻近和地缘战略考量,两国间存在着由经济利益、政治选择、安全保障等各种因素构成的稳定却复杂的地缘关系网络。     

Water consumption of a six-year-old river red gum plantation in the Southern Zagros Mountains, Iran

Water is the most important limiting factor in the development of arid environments; therefore, optimization of water use is a necessity in desert reclamation projects. Evapotranspiration of a 6-year-old river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) plantation, located in a sedimentation basin of an artificial recharge of the Gareh Bygone Plain groundwater system in Iran’s southern Zagros Mountains, was studied during a 7-month period. A neutron moisture probe was used to monitor soil water changes in the root zone. Soil water depletion following rapid drainage for blocks receiving relatively high, medium and low volumes of floodwater were 809.6, 312.4, and 203.1 mm, respectively, for a 150-day period. Soil water potential during most of the study period was below -1.5 MPa. This study proves that river red gum in not a suitable species for desertification control where water conservation is of vital importance. Flood irrigation of trees on 8 Aug. 1991 provided the opportunity to throw doubt upon the claim of summer dormancy of river red gum.     

新疆2023年夏季高温的阶段性特征及环流演变

2023年夏季(6-8月)新疆平均气温偏高幅度居1961年以来第一位,高温日数居历史同期第一位,高温过程持续时间居历史同期第一位,高温覆盖面积最广。本文利用新疆105个国家级气象站监测资料,分析2023年夏季高温日数、最高气温、高温过程时长和高温过程覆盖范围等极端性特征的季节内演变,季节内各月高温特征总体呈现发展-强盛-消减的趋势,并运用NCEP/NCAR联合制作的位势高度场再分析资料对2023年夏季100hPa、500hPa层面高空环流的阶段性变化对比研究得出,新疆极端高温的季节内变化与南压高压和伊朗副高的强度、面积、位置的阶段性变化密切相关,当南压高压偏东偏北,强度偏强,伊朗副高增强,北移东进,青藏高原高压脊发展强盛,配合西太副高位置东伸,有利于新疆产生持续性极端高温天气过程。当南压高压为青藏高原型,伊朗副高主体位置偏西,有利于冷空气从北方进入新疆,造成阶段性降温天气,新疆极端高温过程减弱,持续时间缩短。