基于DSM的机载相机航线设计方案

在城区和山区等测区航空摄影时,地表起伏对相片重叠度的影响很大,航线设计时必须考虑.本文首先推导了一个任何情况下都适用的地表起伏对重叠度影响公式.然后,借鉴目前已有的重叠度计算方案,提出了一种基于重叠区边缘的重叠度计算方案,并将它应用于计算相片和立体模型的实际重叠度,以此来敷设航线.最后,基于地表起伏较大的汉口地区DSM...     

几种建立DEM模型插值方法精度的交叉验证

建立DEM模型时需要对离散的高程点进行空间插值,实现这一目的的插值方法有很多种。文章主要选择了6种常用的插值方法,分别在平原、丘陵和高山几种不同复杂程度的环境下对其插值的精度使用交叉验证方法进行评估。结果表明,同样的插值方法对不同复杂程度的地形效果是不一致的,多种插值方法中以克里金插值方法的插值适用性最强,精度最高。     

基于雷达回波最大重叠率的一种临近降水预报方法

基于天气雷达的临近降水预报是雷达短时预报业务系统的重要组成部分,本文在回顾雷达临近降水预报技术发展的基础上,充分考虑新一代天气雷达高时间、空间分辨率的优点,提出两个相邻时刻雷达回波具有最大重叠率的移向、移速是与降水系统整体的移向、移速密切相关的论点,再用此移向、移速对当前雷达回波进行平移,最后采用九点平均的回波生消模型...     

Analysis of characteristics of time-frequency correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary

Power spectrum and cross-wavelet transform analysis was adopted to study the time-frequency characteristics and multiscale correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary based on the runoff data collected at the Datong Station, the tidal range measured at the Baozhen Station, and the salinity at the Baogang Station from 2008 to 2009. The variations of the salinity showed significant periodicity at scales of 2-3, 7-8, 14-15 and 26-30 d. The correlation between the salinity and the runoff and the tidal range were found to be significantly related to shock at scales of 5-7, 14-15, 26-30 d and 0.5 a. The correlation between the runoff and the salinity was mainly in the same phase, while the correlation between the tidal range and the salinity was in the antiphase. Different frequency bands were related to different degrees, and their relevance increased as the resonance frequency decreased. In addition, changes of the seasonal runoff were obvious. Specifically, a point of discontinuity was reached in early June with a cycle of 7-8 d, which coincided with the periodicity of plum rains in the Changjiang-Huaihe region. High-frequency changes (8-16 d period) of the salinity corresponded to the time domain in January-April 2008, February-April 2009 and October-December 2009 and exhibited an approximately 0.5 a (184 d) long frequency oscillation. Short-period changes were found to be stronger than long-period changes. Cross-wavelet transforms for the salinity, the runoff and the tidal range revealed local features in the time domain, while the significant levels of different periodic oscillations were observed in the frequency domain. The correlation characteristics of the salinity and the runoff were significant in the 80-90 d frequency domain, indicating that the major impact of the runoff on the salinity was reflected in seasonal changes. The tidal range on the small scale of 14-15 and 30-32 d was more obvious than the runoff.     

地铁盾构隧道小偏角近距离上穿既有隧道施工顺序研究

以北京地铁四号线盾构隧道与九号线暗挖隧道"小角度、近间距、长距离"空间立交施工为背景,采用数值模拟方法对三种施工顺序进行了计算,重点分析了其施工过程中地表沉降、土体塑性区分布、衬砌结构应力等指标。计算表明,先施工下方九号线暗挖隧道,再施工上方四号线盾构隧道,且在上方四号线的左线盾构机通过后再施作九号线二衬的施工方案是比较合理的。     

评《城市对称分布与中国城市化趋势》

叶大年先生及其合作者的《城市对称分布与中国城市化趋势》一书,以一种新颖的形式展示了作者有关城市空间分布对称规律研究的理论和实证成果。从城市对称的基本概念、理论基础到分析范例,书中都系统地进行了表述。这本书的特色非常明显。其一是学科交叉性质。     

交叉偶极子声测井多频率反演地层三阶弹性常数和地应力研究

基于声弹性理论,本文详细论述了利用交叉偶极子多频率相速度反演地层三阶弹性常数和地应力的理论及信噪比对反演结果的影响.定性和定量分析表明在速度应力方程中,不含三阶弹性常数项与含三阶弹性常数项相比对速度的影响可以忽略,由此只利用一次测井资料同时反演地应力和三阶弹性常数是一个严重病态的问题或一个不确定性问题.针对不同的反演模型,详细考察了信噪比对各自简化模型和精确模型反演结果的影响.数值模拟结果表明,利用一次测井采用精确模型反演全部四个参数方法受信噪比影响严重.而利用不同流体压力下的测井资料进行反演时可以采用简化模型取代精确模型以便简化计算和提高反演速度,因为简化模型和精确模型有着几乎相同的精度;同时,分步反演的方法可以较好地反演出原位地应力及三阶弹性常数.     

多极子阵列声波测井仪电子系统设计

一种新型多极子阵列声波测井仪器由上电子短节、声系和下电子短节等3个相对独立的部分组成,能够通过单极、交叉偶极和四极声波全波信号准确获得纵波、横波和斯通利波时差,并分析地层的各向异性特征,求取孔隙度、估算渗透率、识别岩性等。详细地介绍仪器命令总线、高速局部数据总线和耐高温环境设计的关键技术,分析了仪器的上电子短节为仪器的主电子仓,安装有信号合成及放大滤波、数据采集和系统控制,下电子短节为仪器的发射激励电子仓等主要参数,各主要部分的功能,并给出了初步试验结果。     

不良地质段双洞交叉开挖三维有限元分析

积石峡水电站泄洪洞与导流洞交叉段形成了跨度为28 m,高度为22 m类似城门洞形的大断面洞室,该洞段围岩呈层状分布,且有一软弱夹层穿过拱顶,对洞室稳定极为不利。针对这一实际工程问题,确定了开挖方案和支护措施,采用三维非线性有限元分析了该处的围岩应力和变形随开挖进行的变化和围岩的稳定性,并考虑了位于拱顶的软弱夹层对交叉段洞室开挖围岩稳定的影响,对于其他类似工程,其结果具有良好的参考价值。