未利用地高效优化利用的措施建议——以辽宁省为例

辽宁省是东北老工业基地振兴的重要区域。当前,辽宁省正处于工业化、城镇化加快推进的重要发展阶段,城市拓展、工业发展对建设用地的需求上升,用地保障刚性约束和土地保障的压力越来越大。为缓解建设用地供需矛盾,促进辽宁经济社会全面快速发展,辽宁省编制了《辽宁省＂一区一带＂土地管理制度改革总体方案》,已获国土资源部批准;起草并实施了《辽宁省＂一区一带＂土地管理制度改革实施方案》,实施方案把未利用地开发利用作为重点工作之一。     

Vegetation change of ecotone in west of Northeast China plain using time-series remote sensing data

Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.     

亚洲第一村：黄柏峪——中美可持续发展示范村纪行

人类的生态系统是循环的、可持续的。传统意义上的废物和垃圾都是可利用的。中美可持续发展示范村黄柏峪在发展农村经济、转变生存观念上走出了一条可持续发展的新路,形象的喻为:“从摇篮到摇篮。”黄柏峪所选择的道路,是新世纪建设社会主义新农村可以借鉴的一种模式。     

晋东北地区锰矿类型及矿床特征

晋东北地区长城系高于庄组含锰建造为矿源层,其分布较广;中生代燕山期岩浆活动提供了成矿热液.构造发育提供了容矿场所,导矿通道.晋东北地区锰矿类型多,成因复杂,找矿潜力较大.     

Land use effects on soil organic carbon,microbial biomass and microbial activity in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China

Land use changes are known to alter soil organic carbon （SOC） and microbial properties, however, information about how conversion of natural forest to agricultural land use as well as plantations affects SOC and microbial properties in the Changbai Moun- tains of Northeast China is meager. Soil carbon content, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, basal respiration and soil carbon mineraliza- tion were studied in five selected types of land use： natural old-growth broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest （NF）; spruce plantation （SP） established following clear-cutting of NF; cropland （CL）; ginseng farmland （GF） previously under NF; and a five-year Mongolian oak young forest （YF） reforested on an abandoned GF, in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China in 2011. Results showed that SOC content was significantly lower in SP, CL, GF, and YF than in NF. MBC ranged from 304.4 mg/kg in CL to 1350.3 mg/kg in NF, which was significantly higher in the soil of NF than any soil of the other four land use types. The SOC and MBC contents were higher in SP soil than in CL, GF, and YF soils, yielding a significant difference between SP and CL. The value of basal respiration was also higher in NF than in SP, CL, GF, and YF. Simultaneously, higher values of the metabolic quotient were detected in CL, GF, and YF soils, indicat- ing low substrate utilization of the soil microbial community compared with that in NF and SP soil. The values of cumulative mineral- ized carbon and potentially mineralized carbon （Co） in NF were significantly higher than those in CL and GF, while no significant dif- ference was observed between NF and SP. In addition, YF had higher values of Co and C mineralization rate compared with GF. The results indicate that conversion from NF into agricultural land （CL and GF） uses and plantation may lead to a reduction in soil nutrients （SOC and MBC） and substrate utilization efficiency of the microbial community. By contrast, soils below SP were more conducive to the preservation of soil organic matter, which was reflected in the comparison of microbial indicators among CL, GF, and YF land uses. This study can provide data for evaluating soils nutrients under different land use types, and serve as references for the rational land use of natural forest in the study area.     

重庆地票七年

正今年1月1日,《重庆市地票管理办法》正式实施。自此,引发全国关注的城乡统筹制度创新——重庆地票制度改革已风风雨雨地走过了7个年头。作为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,重庆市于2008年12月成立了农村土地交易所,同年12月4日,首张地票成功拍卖。地票改革     

日本至中国东北区域构造应力场分布与Benioff带的形态关系研究

收集2 291个来源于NIED F-net宽频带地震台网中心Mw≥3.0地震的震源机制解,采用MSATSI构造应力反演方法,得到反映应力相对大小的R值的量θ和3个主应力轴的方位角与倾伏角,同时反演出每个网格的极射赤平投影P、T轴.以3D应力反演为导向,采用矩阵网格分区的方法,以纬度、经度、深度为坐标,将发生在每一区域的...     

基于计量特征的《东北石油大学学报》文献热点与知识图谱——兼论石油行业特色高校自然科学学报文献特征

以《东北石油大学学报》为例,分析文献计量特征,研究石油行业特色高校自然科学学报的刊载论文热点与知识图谱.结果 表明:《东北石油大学学报》主要贡献机构集中于与能源行业紧密相关的高校及研究性机构,载文集中于油气行业相关领域,发文趋势稳定;关键词共词网络相关关系强,文献知识结构整体为相对集中型.载文知识网络关键词聚类具有显著...     

东北哈尼泥炭腐殖化度古气候意义及区域对比

不同地区泥炭腐殖化度指示的古气候意义存在着分歧。运用碱提取溶液吸光度法对东北哈尼泥炭腐殖化度进行测定,结合14C测年数据的年代框架,对比东北哈尼、神农架大九湖、青藏高原红原、福建天湖山地区泥炭腐殖化度气候代用指标,分析不同地区泥炭腐殖化度古气候意义异同的原因。结果表明:哈尼泥炭腐殖化度的古气候意义包含温度-湿度组合,较高的腐殖化度指示气候温暖潮湿,较低的腐殖化度指示气候干燥寒冷;从哈尼、红原、大九湖、天湖山泥炭腐殖化度时间序列的对比可以得出,虽然其古气候意义有所不同,但其记录的中国全新世古气候环境演变趋势大体相同,都反映了中国早全新世阶段的升温现象、中全新世的大暖期现象及晚全新世阶段的降温;温度、湿度、季风、经纬度及地质地貌等因素都对泥炭腐殖化度有影响,但水热条件是直接影响,其他因素通过对水热条件的改变而间接影响腐殖化度;阐述不同区域泥炭腐殖化度的古气候意义没有固定模式,需结合当地的地理位置、地质地貌、年均气温、季风、降水、植被等情况进行具体分析。     

千山 东北大地上的一颗明珠

辽宁千山系长白山支脉,辽河与鸭绿江的分水岭,是辽东半岛的脊骨。据地质考察,大约4亿年前,千山一带是一片海洋,到古生代末期开始隆起露出水面形成陆地。经历海陆沧桑5次变迁,1．8亿年前,形成现在典型的粗粒花岗岩地貌……