通用基础地形图的研究

本文主要阐述了国家基本地形图新品种之一──通用基础地形图的表示内容及表示方法，并对其载负量进行研究。最后分析了这一新品种地图的应用前景。     

掩星驿站

月掩星是一个很有趣味的观测项目,在掩星之前或之后,被掩星都是在月球附近的。当你看到恒星逐渐接近月球的暗边缘且突然“消失”或恒星突然“出现”的一刹那,你会明显感觉到月球的运动。观测小行星掩星需要观测者比较熟悉星空,可以通过星图准确无误地找到被掩的恒星。观测时,只需要看到被掩的恒星即可。每次新的掩星观测都可能带来潜在的新发现,只要你进行了一次观测,无论是否观测到掩星现象的发生,你的观测结果都是非常有意义的。     

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.     

Status of the Recent Declining of Arctic Sea Ice Studies

In the past 30 years, a large-scale change occurred in the Arctic climatic system, which had never been observed before 1980s. At the same time, the Arctic sea ice experienced a special evolution with more and more rapidly dramatic declining. In this circumstance, the Arctic sea ice became a new focus of the Arctic research. The recent advancements about abrupt change of the Arctic sea ice are reviewed in this paper .The previous analyses have demonstrated the accelerated declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in the past 30 years, based on in-situ and satellite-based observations of atmosphere, as well as the results of global and regional climate simulations. Especially in summer, the rate of decrease for the ice extents was above 10% per decade. In present paper, the evolution characteristics of the arctic sea ice and its possible cause are discussed in three aspects, i.e. the sea ice physical properties, the interaction process of sea ice, ocean and atmosphere and its response and feedback mechanism to global and arctic climate system.     

石灰改良高液限土强度特性的函数模型研究

针对广西荔玉高速路基沿线产生的大量高液限土弃方问题,采用生石灰对高液限土进行改良处理。选取弃土场的高液限土,分别配制不同初始含水率、不同石灰掺量的试样进行侧限压缩试验和快剪试验,采用基本初等数学函数模型拟合不同饱和状态、不同初始含水率下石灰掺量对试件压缩特性和抗剪强度影响。结果表明：(1)高液限土的压缩系数随石灰掺量增加呈指数形式减小;(2)不同饱和状态试件的黏聚力和内摩擦角随石灰掺量增加呈二次函数形式变化;(3)高液限土具有水敏性,饱和素土试件最大抗剪强度对应的含水率较击实试验最大干密度对应的含水率高3%～6%;(4)当初始含水率不高于26.73%时,建议石灰掺量不低于6%,否则改良高液限土的石灰掺量不低于8%,可在满足经济性的前提下达到较好的改良效果。     

GPS用于地面沉降观测时间的探讨

通过分析已有监测数据,对比相同观测条件下不同观测时长的数据解算结果,验证了监测时长对监测结果的影响,提出了有利于地面沉降监测的最优观测时长,为制定下一步的监测工作方案提供参考。     

北斗三频伪距相关随机模型单站建模方法

为了提供可靠的伪距随机模型,基于3个线性无关的北斗三频伪距/载波无几何无电离层(GIF)组合,研究了一种利用单站数据估计北斗三频伪距相关随机模型算法。该算法首先利用低阶多项式对GIF组合进行拟合,以尽可能消除非伪距噪声以外的其他常数和误差,然后利用多元线性回归分析实现对3个线性无关的GIF组合随机噪声同时建模,最后再由线性组合关系变换得到原始北斗三频伪距相关随机模型。经北斗三频实测数据验证结果表明,该算法可实现北斗非差三频伪距相关随机模型的单站解算,有利于为导航定位以及完好性监测提供精准随机模型。     

伸臂式梁架墩塔高度量测工具制作研究

本文从本量测工具的原理入手,说明了工具的构造、制作过程、精确性控制,分析了该工具量测所有可能的误差及其数值以及总误差公式,并实际设置观测台,用一等水准与工具进行量测对比分析以论证该工具的可靠性。最终得出"本量测工具结构原理及方法功能可靠性好,制作简单,使用方便、快捷,量测精度高"的结论。     

基于Surfer与Grapher的沉降观测绘图分析

利用广州干部休养所周围建筑物沉降观测数据,基于Surfer与Grapher软件对观测数据进行了沉降观测可视化数据分析,分别绘制了沉降曲线图、同期等沉降曲线图与沉降三维图,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对沉降量进行了可视化分析。实验证明:基于Surfer与Grapher的沉降观测绘图,可进行多角度分析,三维效果好,为沉降观测数据分析提供了一个技术新视角。