确定卫星与接收机信号延迟偏差的新方法及其应用

单频ＧＰＳ接收机用户通常需要进行电离层延迟改正,电离层延迟改正量通常来源于电离层延迟改正模型或双频ＧＰＳ基准站信息,后者即是利用双频ＧＰＳ观测值估计电子含量总数,求解电离层延迟改正量。利用双频ＧＰＳ观测值估计电子含量总数,一个关键总是是去掉卫星与接收信号延迟偏差。     

一种基于平面不等式约束法的北斗三频数据组合选取方法

GNSS现代化的标志之一是三频或多频数据的广泛使用,文中在研究北斗三频数据组合原理、优化选取准则的基础上,推导出一种基于平面不等式约束法的三频数据组合选取方法。该方法将长波长条件转化为组合系数的线性关系,将弱电离层条件转化为平面域,将低噪声条件转化为椭圆域,依此建立模型并给出模型的几何解释,最后应用该方法选取特性较优的北斗三频数据组合,并总结了一些组合系数的特点。结果证明,该方法组合系数选取效率大于枚举法等常规方法,从而为多频数据组合理论的研究提供参考。     

利用WILD AVIOPLAN OR-1对卫星图像进行几何处理

本文提出了一种在现有设备条件下可以在生产部门迅速得到推广的卫星图像几何处理方法,即将通用计算机与OR-1正射投影系统相结合,对图像负片进行模拟化数字纠正。 文中讨论了该方法的理论依据和具体试验结果,对影响处理精度的地形因素进行了分析,并研制了相应处理软件。     

FG5／240绝对重力仪成套设备的检定测量分析

详细介绍了FG5/240绝对重力仪的技术特点、测量原理和白家疃的试验观测,并就相配套的用于测量梯度的2台CG5相对重力仪(442、444)的检定项目和结果进行说明和分析,结果表明:2台CG5相对重力仪完全满足规范要求,FG5/240绝对重力仪的试验测量结果的标准偏差优于±2.0×10-8 ms-2,能够用于陆态网络工程任务中部分基准站的绝对重力测量。     

利用粒子群算法的小波神经网络探讨

小波神经网络(WNN)具有较强的逼近和容错能力,并具有良好的收敛性和鲁棒性。然而其网络收敛速度慢、搜索成功率低和易陷入局部极小值等缺点使得传统的小波神经网络难以得到广泛应用。本文介绍一种基于粒子群(PSO)算法的小波神经网络,其通过利用种群间信息共享进行寻优,以获得结构化的神经网络,克服了传统小波网络的诸多缺点,结合工程实例,检验了其具有较好的适用性和可靠性。     

基于地理设计的三维道路设计系统研究与实现

道路规划设计是一项复杂的系统工程,现阶段道路设计采用传统的平台难以适应空间分析、三维展现、交互设计等新的需求,更不能充分利用GIS分析、参数化设计等新技术为设计服务。地理设计的诞生为将设计与分析的融合提供了指导思想,参数化设计则为基于规则的道路设计提供技术基础。本文以地理设计为指导、以参数化驱动设计为手段,构建一个基于三维地理环境的道路设计系统,阐述地理设计、参数化驱动设计在系统中的作用及系统的结构组成,最后展现系统建设成果。     

Forecasting sea level anomalies from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 satellite altimetry

This paper aims at the prediction of both global mean sea level anomalies (SLAs) and gridded SLA data in the east equatorial Pacific obtained from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 altimetric measurements. The first prediction technique (denoted as LS) is based on the extrapolation of a polynomial-harmonic deterministic least-squares model describing a linear trend, annual and semi-annual oscillations. The second prediction method (denoted as LS + AR) is a combination of the extrapolation of a polynomial-harmonic model with the autoregressive forecast of LS residuals. In the case of forecasting global mean SLA data, both techniques allow one to compute the predictions of comparable accuracy (root mean square error for 1-month in the future is of 0.5 cm). In the case of predicting gridded SLA data, the LS + AR prediction method gains significantly better prediction accuracy than the accuracy obtained by the LS technique during El Niño 1997/1998, La Niña 1998/1999 and during normal conditions.     

Tidal analysis experiments with sun-synchronous satellite altimeter data

The ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat series of satellite altimeters provide the only extensive datasets that could conceivably be usedto constrain ocean tide models in high latitudes. Their sun-synchronous sampling, however, severely limits theobservations of solar tides, especially the principal semidiurnal S₂ constituent. The Munk–Cartwright response method is anatural choice when attempting to analyze sun-synchronous data. The present study examines various ways a response analysis might be implemented to extract tides from ERS data. Admittances expressed as simple linear or constant functions of frequency cansometimes improve estimates over standard parameterizations, especially if done in conjunction with a reasonably accurate priorsolution. Some form of regularization, such as ridge regression, is also shown to improve the estimates. The approach provesbeneficial in a test for the southern Indian Ocean tides. It offers some promise for regions otherwise void of usefulobservations.     

The northern European geoid: a case study on long-wavelength geoid errors

 The long-wavelength geoid errors on large-scale geoid solutions, and the use of modified kernels to mitigate these effects, are studied. The geoid around the Nordic area, from Greenland to the Ural mountains, is considered. The effect of including additional gravity data around the Nordic/Baltic land area, originating from both marine, satellite and ground-based measurements, is studied. It is found that additional data appear to increase the noise level in computations, indicating the presence of systematic errors. Therefore, the Wong–Gore modification to the Stokes kernel is applied. This method of removing lower-order terms in the Stokes kernel appears to improve the geoid. The best fit to the global positioning system (GPS) leveling points is obtained with a degree of modification of approximately 30. In addition to the study of modification errors, the results of different methods of combining satellite altimetry gravity and other gravimetry are presented. They all gave comparable results, at the 6-cm level, when evaluated for the Nordic GPS networks. One dimensional (1-D) and 2-D fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods are also compared. It is shown that even though methods differ by up to 6 cm, the fit to the GPS is essentially the same. A surprising conclusion is that the addition of more data does not always produce a better geoid, illustrating the danger of systematic errors in data. Received: 4 July 2001 / Accepted: 21 February 2002