序贯一维型边缘检测新算法

本文提出一种既可用于从图象上提取具有某种用途的一维边缘,又可用于提取具有多种用途的二维边缘的序贯一维型边缘检测新算法。由于构成该算法重要组成部分的基础算子的作用,以及将二维问题化为一维问题求解而使其明显具有简单,快速、有效的特点。该算法还具有Abdou ^[1] 等所建议的边缘检测算子应具有的两个特性。     

不同植被红边指数在城市草地健康判别中的对比研究

遥感红边指数与表征绿色植物生长状况的重要生化参数有密切的关系,是植被长势监测的重要因子。为寻找出最适用于城市草地生长状况监测的红边指数,本文基于Sentinel-2A数据,对比分析了不同红边指数在城市草地健康状况估算方面的差异。本文以福州市和厦门市的城市草地为例,在全面分析各种健康水平草地光谱响应特征差异的基础上,选取了6种与草地生化参数相关的红边指数,即红边位置REP、地面叶绿素指数MTCI、归一化差值红边指数NDRE1、新型倒红边叶绿素指数IRECI、红边叶绿素指数CI_red-edge以及叶绿素吸收指数MCARI2,然后采用独立样本T检验及欧式距离对这6种红边指数在草地健康判别中的优劣进行了定量对比。结果表明：IRECI指数对草地健康状况最为敏感,该指数在不同健康等级草地的值域区间和均值都存在显著性差异,其判别总精度均大于85%;NDRE1和MCARI2指数次之,其他3个指数则难以判别草地的健康状况。因此,在基于Sentinel-2A影像的城市草地健康遥感判别中,推荐使用IRECI指数。     

Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide

In recent years, several sets of legislation worldwide (Oceans Act in USA, Australia or Canada; Water Framework Directive or Marine Strategy in Europe, National Water Act in South Africa, etc.) have been developed in order to address ecological quality or integrity, within estuarine and coastal systems. Most such legislation seeks to define quality in an integrative way, by using several biological elements, together with physico-chemical and pollution elements. Such an approach allows assessment of ecological status at the ecosystem level ('ecosystem approach' or 'holistic approach' methodologies), rather than at species level (e.g. mussel biomonitoring or Mussel Watch) or just at chemical level (i.e. quality objectives) alone. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of tools for different physico-chemical or biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, fishes) elements of the ecosystems. However, few methodologies integrate all the elements into a single evaluation of a water body. The need for such integrative tools to assess ecosystem quality is very important, both from a scientific and stakeholder point of view. Politicians and managers need information from simple and pragmatic, but scientifically sound methodologies, in order to show to society the evolution of a zone (estuary, coastal area, etc.), taking into account human pressures or recovery processes. These approaches include: (i) multidisciplinarity, inherent in the teams involved in their implementation; (ii) integration of biotic and abiotic factors; (iii) accurate and validated methods in determining ecological integrity; and (iv) adequate indicators to follow the evolution of the monitored ecosystems. While some countries increasingly use the establishment of marine parks to conserve marine biodiversity and ecological integrity, there is awareness (e.g. in Australia) that conservation and management of marine ecosystems cannot be restricted to Marine Protected Areas but must include areas outside such reserves. This contribution reviews the current situation of integrative ecological assessment worldwide, by presenting several examples from each of the continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.     

数码相机的畸变差检测研究

提出了一种检测面阵CCD数码相机畸变差的方法。首先利用标准三维检校场测定面阵CCD数码相 机的内方位元素和系统畸变系数,然后依据投影几何中空间直线经中心投影变换后仍是直线的原理,提出了 对面阵CCD数码相机随机畸变的检测和改正方法。利用该方法对UAVRS Ⅱ系统中的面阵数码相机的畸变 进行了检校,获取了满意的结果。     

TECTONIC TRANSFER ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF PAMIR

TECTONIC TRANSFER ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF PAMIR     

FCM聚类算法协同Canny算子的遥感影像边缘检测方法

提出一种FCM聚类算法协同Canny算子的遥感影像边缘检测方法,算法采用中值滤波消除原始遥感影像中的非高斯噪声;采用FCM(Fuzzy C-mean)聚类算法将滤波处理后的遥感影像中的像素分为两类:边缘类像素和非边缘类像素,并得到聚类影像;最后采用Canny算子对聚类影像进行边缘检测得到遥感影像地物边缘信息。实验结果表明,文中提出的方法能有效消除遥感影像中的混合噪声并准确地检测出地物目标的边缘,是一种有效的遥感影像边缘检测方法。     

基于MAPGIS的地图数字化与地图接边

地图是GIS主要数据源，地图数字化是GIS数据输入的主要手段。分幅数字化常导致数据在接边处不匹配，地图接边是实现数字匹配的重要手段。文中详细了MAPGIS地图数字化输入方法，通过MAPGIS图形变换功能，总结了9幅分幅数字化地图拼接过程，通过MAPGIS图幅接边功能介绍了交互式，全自动，半自动图幅接边操作及如何实现数字接边。     

重庆云阳石梁飞仙关组剖面特征及地质意义

重庆云阳石梁剖面位于上扬子板块北缘南大巴山冲断带位置,早三叠世飞仙关期处于城口-鄂西海槽西侧位置,对该剖面的详细研究,有利于恢复飞仙关期川东北碳酸盐台地东缘的沉积演化过程．研究认为,该剖面飞仙关组-段属于斜坡相沉积;二段下部继承碳酸盐台地东缘斜坡相,中部发育典型的台地边缘滩沉积,其顶部则演化为局限台地溺湖环境;三段由开阔台地及局限台地渴湖沉积构成;四段属于典型的局限台地潮坪沉积城口-鄂西海槽西侧飞仙关组由两个向上变浅的沉积旋回组成,通过与相邻位置的井剖面对比认为。相对海平面变化控制了城口-一西海槽西侧飞仙关期沉积相演化。台地边缘滩基本发育于相对海平面下降时期     

利用Adobe Photoshop对悬沙颗粒图像预处理

利用光学悬浮沙粒径谱仪现场拍摄的悬沙颗粒图像具有两个特点:1、边缘亮度不均匀:2、边缘不清晰。为了测量颗粒粒径,需要做边缘提取。由于悬沙颗粒的上述两个特点,二值化后的颗粒图像容易产生边缘失真和边缘不闭合现象,为了解决这个问题,文中介绍利用Adobe Photoshop对悬沙颗粒的预处理。     

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

Stratigraphic grade is the similarity of the morphology of successive slope-to-basin profiles in a genetically related depositional system. In this article we use data collected from regional cross-sections of six depositional systems, stratal architecture derived from outcrops of the Lewis Shale (Wyoming, USA), and the Ross Sandstone (Ireland), and supplementary outcrop and subsurface data from other depositional systems to determine how stratigraphic grade relates to stratal (reservoir) architecture in deepwater systems.Four methods are developed that collectively define stratigraphic grade: (1) regional stacking patterns of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, (2) the relationship between the trajectory of the shelf edge (T_se) and the trajectory of the depocenter (T_d) for fourth-order stratigraphic units, (3) morphology of the slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, and (4) the similarity of the morphologies of slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order surfaces in a system (σ_s, σ_r). Several characteristics of stratigraphic (reservoir) architecture of fourth-order stratigraphic cycles are related to stratigraphic grade: (1) longitudinal distribution of sandstone in fourth-order cycles, (2) location of maximum sandstone relative to the depocenter of fourth-order cycles, (3) lengths of fourth-order submarine fans, and (4) longitudinal and vertical distribution of architectural elements. Stratigraphic grade is thus a predictor of reservoir architecture and can thereby be used to reduce the uncertainty in the interpretation of subsurface data.The concept of stratigraphic grade is useful in understanding the stratigraphic evolution of deepwater systems. Most deepwater systems analyzed in this study initiated as out-of-grade and temporally evolved to graded systems over a time span of millions of years. Systems rarely evolve from graded to out-of-grade. First-order controls on stratigraphic grade are determined to be angle of slope, tectonically forced changes in angle of slope during deposition, and sediment supply.