不同纬度地区三类植物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成

本文应用GC-MS和GC-TC-IRMS同位素分析技术,对我国北部柴达木盆地花土沟至南部广西南宁5个地区草、芦苇和树叶3类植物中正构烷烃及其碳氢同位素进行了分析.结果显示了不同纬度地区植物中正构烷烃碳数分布在C15～C30之间,呈单峰型分布,主峰碳数为C27、C29和C31;CPI值分布在3.49～17.25之间,平均...     

贺兰山三叠纪盆地构造属性再分析

摘要：对贺兰山北段三叠系构造背景的理解具有重要的理论和实践意义,本文通过对该地区周边同期构造事件的分析,结合最近的研究成果,认为贺兰山北部三叠纪沉积的构造背景类似于新生代早、中期莺歌海拉分盆地形成的环境。晚三叠世－早侏罗世由于巴彦乌拉山－狼山韧性剪切带的左行走滑,致使巴彦乌拉山崛起,它类似于目前的红河－哀牢山剪切带中的哀牢山,而在贺兰山北部由于该断层的左行走滑形成了走滑拉分盆地,堆积了巨厚的上三叠统延长组和侏罗系碎屑岩。虽然在三叠纪地理上贺兰山地区与鄂尔多斯盆地可能相连,但两者的沉降机制并不相同,它们的关系可能类似与目前的莺歌海盆地与南海盆地的关系。在晚侏罗世,该地区的拉分盆地由于受到阿拉善地块的东向挤压而反转。造成巴彦乌拉山－狼山韧性剪切带左行活动的原因是晚三叠世－早侏罗世鄂尔多斯盆地相对于阿拉善地块的左行压扭运动,其动力则可能来自中朝板块与扬子板块的碰撞。该模型不仅可以解释贺兰山北段三叠纪区别于鄂尔多斯盆地本部的强烈伸展,还能解释该地区分布局限的板内拉斑玄武岩的原因,而且也能够将晚三叠世巴彦乌拉山的隆起与该地区同时期的沉积以及阿拉善地块南缘的变形联系起来,而从区域上也可以解释同时期南蒙古地区的发育的左行走滑构造及其相关沉积。     

煤矿井筒重复破坏的化学注浆治理

兴隆庄矿西风井井筒事隔5a后第二次发生破坏,原因是松散层失水造成第四系压缩下沉。经分析论证,采用地面注水泥浆-化学浆复合注浆工艺,通过浆液在裂隙中流动、凝胶、劈裂、充填,可实现对岩体裂隙的封堵,达到控水、增强、防止沉降的目的。     

星地多源闪电资料在新疆地区的应用分析

根据2019年7月20日新疆大部分区域出现局部强对流天气过程,利用ADTD、LLS、WWLLN、风云四号卫星闪电成像仪组产品LMIG、大气电场多源闪电观测资料,对比分析这5种资料在新疆地区的应用情况。结果表明:LLS地闪探测效率最高,LMIG和WWLLN地闪探测效率较低;ADTD、LLS、WWLLN三者定位结果在时间和空间上对应基本一致,仅探测效率有所差别。新疆地区部分LMIG数据存在时间和空间上的偏差,使用前需要利用相关资料进行数据检验。卫星全天空、实时监测,可以弥补新疆南部(简称南疆)地面观测站覆盖不到的区域,两者可互为补充。     

汉江流域盛夏暴雨与天气尺度瞬变波EP通量的可能联系

利用1980—2015年ERA-5全球再分析资料,对汉中地区典型暴雨发生前纬向风场变化及天气尺度瞬变波活动(Eliassen-Palm通量特征)进行分析。结果表明:瞬变波Eliassen-Palm(EP)通量特征分析为汉江流域暴雨潜势预报提供一个有利的参考指标;暴雨发生前,33°N附近200 h Pa有纬向风减速中心,对应200 hPa为EP通量辐散区,这种垂直分布模型是暴雨前期的有利形势,随着纬向风减速趋势加快,EP通量辐散区扩展并加强,有利于暴雨的发生;与8月相比,7月暴雨强度更强,暴雨范围更广,纬向风变化更明显,200 hPa的EP通量辐散更强。若简单地将盛夏暴雨整体进行研究,会影响对不同月份瞬变波活动及大气环流变化趋势的诊断,造成诊断偏差且难以准确反映瞬变波与暴雨的联系。因此在讨论盛夏季天气尺度瞬变波与对流层环流的相互作用时,应按月份讨论。     

Predicting Global Seafloor Topography Using Multi-Source Data

A new one-minute global seafloor topography model was derived from vertical gravity gradient anomalies (VGG), altimetric gravity anomalies, and ship soundings. Ship soundings are used to constrain seafloor topography at wavelengths longer than 200 km and to calibrate the topography to VGG (or gravity) ratios at short wavelengths area by area. VGG ratios are used to predict seafloor topography for wavelength bands of 100–200 km and to suppress the effect of crust isostasy. Gravity anomalies are used to recover seafloor topography at wavelengths shorter than 100 km. The data processing procedure is described in detail in this paper. The accuracy of the model is evaluated using ship soundings and existing models, including General Bathymetric Charts of the Oceans (GEBCO), DTU10, ETOPO1, and SIO V15.1. The results show that, in the discussed regions, the accuracy of the model is better than ETOPO1, GEBCO, and DTU10. Additionally, the model is comparable with V15.1, which is generally believed to have the highest accuracy. In the north-central Pacific Ocean, the accuracy of the model increased by approximately 29.5% compared with the V15.1 model. This indicates that a more accurate seafloor topography model can be formed by combining gravity anomalies, VGG, and ship soundings.     

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work, problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The lithium extraction behavior of N, N-bi-(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide (N523) was investigated, and its defect was analyzed in the view of practical application. The N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used severally. The composition of this mixture extraction system was determined as 20%N523-30%TBP-50% kerosene. The effects of brine acidity, Fe/Li molarity ratio, phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed respectively. The operation conditions in single stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity=0.05 mol/L, Fe/Li molarity ratio=1.3 and phase ratio=2. The high concentration of chloride ion in brine was benefit for extraction of lithium. The structure of extracted complex was proposed as (LiFeCl4·nN523·mTBP)·(2-n)N523·(2-m)TBP (m+n=2) by chemical analysis and slope fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily, and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic (ΔH<0) and spontaneous (ΔG<0) reaction, and the degree of disorder increased (ΔS>0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both fundamental theory and practical application.     

复杂岩性储层参数评价中神经网络技术的应用

在复杂岩性储层中，储层四性关系比较复杂，表现为非线性，用传统的方法已经难以解决这类问题，为此引入了目前比较流行的人工神经网络技术、在前人基础上，以SN油田9井区为例进行储层研究工作，该区非均质性比较强，经对该区364口井常规到井资料进行储层参数重新解释，并做平面展布，与实际资料吻合较好。由此表明，神经网络技术在解决非线性问题上表现出了较大的优越性，值得我们做进一步的研究工作。     

黑潮区域表层水温变异特征及其对大气环流响应的初步分析

海洋和大气是一个不断相互作用的复杂的耦合系统,其相互作用的结果对长期天气过程的演变以及海洋环境的变化都有着重大的影响。从六十年代开始,这一研究课题就引起了海洋学家和气象学家的广泛重视。如Bjerknes指出，赤道海温及其相应的环流有准两年周期,表明了海表温度与中低纬度环流之间的关系; Namias指出,海表温度与海平面气压场的关系密切,可以用预报的海平面平均气压场的分布来预报下个月的海表温度。目前在数值模拟试验中,也将海气相互作用加以参数化考虑进去,提高了预报精度。本文拟以平均资料,准定量地分析黑潮地区表层水温的变异特性及其物理过程,并在此基础上探讨它与大气环流的关系。 文中的海表温度资料,1951-1962年取自美国的北太平洋海面温度资料,1963-1972年取自日本的北太平洋气候表,1973年以后采用我国海洋局水文气象总台整理的资料,北半球500毫巴高度采用上海气象台整理的资料,热量平衡各分量的计算值取自西北太平洋海面热量平衡图集。     

热带气旋移动研究近况综述

本文根据目前国内外近期的文献资料，总结介绍有关热带气旋移动的理论及现场试验研究方面的新成就和观点。可供科研、教学参考，亦可供业务预报中借鉴使用。