综合致矿地质异常信息提取与集成

矿床及其周围局部和区域的地质、地球物理和地球化学以及遥感地质等勘查信息构成认识成矿规律和资源潜力评价的基础.矿产资源综合定量评价首先涉及到以建立地质成矿概念模型为基础的地质、地球化学、地球物理以及遥感地质等单学科异常信息的提取与集成, 然后是对多学科异常信息的综合提取与集成, 最后应用综合致矿信息定量圈定找矿靶区, 评价资源潜力.阐述了综合地质异常数字找矿过程中综合致矿地质异常信息提取、信息关联、信息转换和信息集成的基本概念.强调实现“由地质异常体特征到空间地质异常信息模型, 再根据空间异常信息模型推断地质异常体特征”这一信息双向转换的重要意义.结果表明: (1) 综合致矿地质异常概念模型是选择资源评价变量和建立综合地质异常数字找矿模型的基础; (2) 非线性方法技术是提取隐蔽矿化信息的有效手段; (3) 综合致矿地质异常概念模型与数字找矿数学模型的有机结合是实现数字找矿突破的关键; (4) 应用综合致矿异常信息模拟矿产资源潜力的过程实质上是一个信息逐渐提取与集成的过程, 亦是一个空间数据→空间信息→知识决策的过程.      

第29届IASPEI大会概况及其主要专题讨论会和研讨会内容汇编

国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会（ＩＡＳＰＥＩ）第２９届大会于１９９７年８月１８～２８日在希腊塞萨洛尼基举行。来自６２个国家和地区的１０５１位科学家参加了这次大会。国家地震局有近２０位科学家出席了会议。本届大会共安排了４６个学术专题报告会和研讨会,会上宣读论文７１６篇,张贴展示论文６９５篇。本届ＩＡＳＰＥＩ大会的学术报告涉及广泛的地震学和地球内部物理学研究的问题,内容包括：地震预测;地球内部构造和地球动力学;不同构造区的强地面运动;地震孕育过程：定量模型和假设检验;岩石圈结构、动力学过程和各向异性;火山地震学;地震早期预警系统;地震危险性与地震危害;地震危险性和地震危害评估中的新的地学信息技术;触发／诱发地震;与构造过程有关的电磁信号;岩石圈结构的长周期研究和工程地震学;估计地震大小的新方法;地球的结构和演化：地球物理观测、实验约束和模似;地震成核、动力破裂及其终止：观测和物理模拟;今后的地震仪器的发展;地震灾害与危害的公众教育,等等。     

Volatiles,vesicles, and vugs: Unraveling the magmatic and eruptive histories of Steno crater basalts

In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts returned 170.4 kg of lunar material. Within 1 month of their return, a subset of those samples was specially curated with the forethought that future analytical techniques would offer new insight into the formation and evolution of the Moon. Of interest in this work is sample 71036, a basalt collected from the rim of Steno crater in the Taurus–Littrow Valley, which was stored frozen and was processed and released for study 50 years later. We report, for the first time, the detailed mineralogy and petrology of 71036 and its companion samples 71035, 71037, and 71055 using a novel combination of 2-D and 3-D methods. We investigate lunar volatiles through in situ measurements of apatite and 3-D measurements of vesicles to understand the degassing histories of the Steno crater basalts. Our coupled 2-D petrography and 3-D tomography data sets support a model of the Steno crater basalts crystallizing in the upper crust of a mare lava flow. Apatite F and OH chemistry and the late-stage deformation of voids and formation of smaller vesicles provide evidence supporting coeval degassing of volatiles and crystallization of mesostasis apatite in Apollo 17 basalts. This work helps to close knowledge gaps surrounding the origin, magmatic evolution, emplacement, and crystallization history of high-titanium basalts.     

AsteroFLAG: First results from hare‐and‐hounds Exercise #1

We report on initial results from the first phase of Exercise #1 of the asteroFLAG hare and hounds. The asteroFLAG group is helping to prepare for the asteroseismology component of NASA's Kepler mission, and the first phase of Exercise #1 is concerned with testing extraction of estimates of the large and small frequency spacings of the low‐degree p modes from Kepler‐like artificial data. These seismic frequency spacings will provide key input for complementing the exoplanet search data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)