综合致矿地质异常信息提取与集成

矿床及其周围局部和区域的地质、地球物理和地球化学以及遥感地质等勘查信息构成认识成矿规律和资源潜力评价的基础.矿产资源综合定量评价首先涉及到以建立地质成矿概念模型为基础的地质、地球化学、地球物理以及遥感地质等单学科异常信息的提取与集成, 然后是对多学科异常信息的综合提取与集成, 最后应用综合致矿信息定量圈定找矿靶区, 评价资源潜力.阐述了综合地质异常数字找矿过程中综合致矿地质异常信息提取、信息关联、信息转换和信息集成的基本概念.强调实现“由地质异常体特征到空间地质异常信息模型, 再根据空间异常信息模型推断地质异常体特征”这一信息双向转换的重要意义.结果表明: (1) 综合致矿地质异常概念模型是选择资源评价变量和建立综合地质异常数字找矿模型的基础; (2) 非线性方法技术是提取隐蔽矿化信息的有效手段; (3) 综合致矿地质异常概念模型与数字找矿数学模型的有机结合是实现数字找矿突破的关键; (4) 应用综合致矿异常信息模拟矿产资源潜力的过程实质上是一个信息逐渐提取与集成的过程, 亦是一个空间数据→空间信息→知识决策的过程.      

CME和冕流结构相互作用机制的数值模拟研究

1980年4月14日SMM卫星曾经观测到了爆发在两冕流结构之间开放磁场中的CME独特的传播特征以及冕流结构的畸变和偏转。本文采用了2.5维MHD方程,用数值模拟方法研究了CME和冕流结构之间复杂的相互作用过程.模拟结果不但展现了SMM卫星所观测到的CME的独特的传播特征和冕流结构的畸变和偏转,而且还发现了在冕流结构和CME的相互作用中,冕流结构内部轴向磁场分量的反转效应.模拟结果对磁云和磁暴活动的研究也具有一定的意义.     

The Mark IV Nançay radioheliograph

A multi-frequency capability has been added to the north-south array of the Nançay Radioheliograph, providing observations at up to five frequencies between 150 and 450 MHz with time resolution 0.1 s. The projected position, brightness and dimension of sources in the solar corona can thus be studied as a function of height. Two-dimensional information is obtained at 164 MHz using the east-west and north-south arrays. In addition, the quiescent corona can be mapped in two dimensions at all observed frequencies by earth rotation synthesis. The paper describes the new aspects of the antennae, the receiver frontend, the data acquisition and the calibration procedure. The performances of the instrument are illustrated with multi-frequency observations of solar fast-drift bursts, continuum emission and maps of the quiet corona.Meudon: Y. Avignon, J. Bonmartin, A. Bouteille, B. Clavelier, E. Hulot, M. P. Issartel, A. Kerdraon, K.-L. Klein, P. Lantos, C. Mercier, M. Pick, A. Raoult, D. Rigaud, G. Trottet, N. Vilmer. Nançay: C. Chantelat, M. Chapuis, Y. Chapuis, A. Coffre, C. Couteret, B. Darchy, P. Guéniau, D. Lalardie, P. Picard, R. Tocqueville.     

Natural and Synthetic Hydrous Magnesium Silicates-A Review

The Earth's mantle is made up mainly of magnesium silicates of olivine (forsterite) and pyroxene (enstatite) and their various high-pressure modifications.     

中国大陆现今地壳水平运动基本特征

介绍利用中国地壳运动观测网络基本网、基准网1998年和2000年GPS观测结果所获得的中国大陆地壳水平运动信息．简要介绍这两次GPS观测概况，以及用GAMIT / GLOBK软件对所获得GPS观测数据的处理及精度分析．基准网与基本网各年观测结果得到的网内点位精度、水平分量精度平均为2mm左右，高程分量精度平均为5mm 左右，由两期观测得到的水平位移分量的精度平均为3mm 左右． 得到的1998年9月初至2000年6月中旬基本网、基准网中的地壳运动，包括以位于东部的一组稳定点为基准的各观测站位移、网内各部分的应变及部分地区的旋转量．根据所获得的我国大陆较为完整而详细的地壳水平运动图象，分析了中国大陆现今地壳运动的主要特征．在所述观测期间，我国东部地区变形较小，相对较为稳定．相对位于东部的稳定点组，东北块体向北运动，位移量约10mm；华南块体向东南运动，位移量约9mm．相对东部地区，西北部新疆地区以北西向运动为主，位移量约26mm；西南西藏地区以向北运动为主，位移量约32mm；西藏东部与云南地区形成非常明显的顺时针旋转构造运动，旋转中心位于26.5N，95.5E，旋转量为0.0045，旋转位移平均为12mm 左右．我国中部南北地震带是一强烈而复杂的变形带．GPS测量结果表明，印度板块向北挤压是影响我国地壳运动的主要因素．      

牛圈湖油田西山窑组水驱油效率影响因素研究

物性较好且孔隙结构分选和连通性较好的储层,其驱油效率较高;在注水开发初期,提高注入压力和增加注入量,对驱油效率的影响较明显,当注入量超过3Pv之后,二者的增加对驱油效率的影响将明显减弱。     

Seismic and geological structure of the crust in the transition from Baltica to Palaeozoic Europe in SE Poland—CELEBRATION 2000 experiment, profile CEL02

The CELEBRATION 2000 together with the earlier POLONAISE'97 deep seismic sounding experiments was aimed at the recognition of crustal structure in the border zone between the Precambrian East European Craton (Baltica) and Palaeozoic Europe. The CEL02 profile of the CELEBRATION family is a 400-km long SW–NE transect, running in Poland from the Upper Silesia Block (USB), across the Małopolska Block (MB) and the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) to the East European Craton (EEC). The structure along CEL02 was interpreted using both 2D tomography and forward ray-tracing techniques as well as 2D gravity modelling.The crustal thickness along CEL02 varies from 32–35 km in the USB to 45–47 km beneath the TESZ and the EEC. The USB is a clearly distinctive crustal block with the characteristic high velocity lower crust (7.1–7.2 km/s), interpreted as a fragment of Gondwana. The Kraków–Lubliniec Fault is a terrane boundary produced by soft docking of the USB with the MB. The Małopolska crust fundamentally differs from the USB and has a strong connection with Baltica. It is a transitional, 150- to 200-km wide unit composed of the extended Baltican lower crust and the overlying low velocity (5.15–5.9 km/s) Neoproterozoic metasediments in the up to 18-km thick upper crust. The Łysogóry Unit has its crustal structure identical with that of Małopolska, thus it is connected with Baltica and cannot be interpreted as a Gondwana-derived terrane. Higher velocity and density bodies found below the Mazovia–Lublin Graben at a depth of 12 km and at the base of the lower crust, might be a result of mantle-derived mafic intrusions accompanying the extension of Baltica. By the preliminary 2D gravity modelling, we have reconfirmed the need for considering the increased TESZ mantle density in comparison to the EEC and USB mantle.     

美国的两大海洋观测系统:OOI与IOOS

介绍美国两大海洋观测系统:基金委员会支持的”大洋观测计划”即OOI计划,和大气海洋署组织的”整合海洋观测系统”即IOOS计划,两者相关但不相同,十分值得我国在建设海洋观测系统中学习参考.     

Volatiles,vesicles, and vugs: Unraveling the magmatic and eruptive histories of Steno crater basalts

In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts returned 170.4 kg of lunar material. Within 1 month of their return, a subset of those samples was specially curated with the forethought that future analytical techniques would offer new insight into the formation and evolution of the Moon. Of interest in this work is sample 71036, a basalt collected from the rim of Steno crater in the Taurus–Littrow Valley, which was stored frozen and was processed and released for study 50 years later. We report, for the first time, the detailed mineralogy and petrology of 71036 and its companion samples 71035, 71037, and 71055 using a novel combination of 2-D and 3-D methods. We investigate lunar volatiles through in situ measurements of apatite and 3-D measurements of vesicles to understand the degassing histories of the Steno crater basalts. Our coupled 2-D petrography and 3-D tomography data sets support a model of the Steno crater basalts crystallizing in the upper crust of a mare lava flow. Apatite F and OH chemistry and the late-stage deformation of voids and formation of smaller vesicles provide evidence supporting coeval degassing of volatiles and crystallization of mesostasis apatite in Apollo 17 basalts. This work helps to close knowledge gaps surrounding the origin, magmatic evolution, emplacement, and crystallization history of high-titanium basalts.     

AsteroFLAG: First results from hare‐and‐hounds Exercise #1

We report on initial results from the first phase of Exercise #1 of the asteroFLAG hare and hounds. The asteroFLAG group is helping to prepare for the asteroseismology component of NASA's Kepler mission, and the first phase of Exercise #1 is concerned with testing extraction of estimates of the large and small frequency spacings of the low‐degree p modes from Kepler‐like artificial data. These seismic frequency spacings will provide key input for complementing the exoplanet search data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)