探空气球漂移特征及对三角形法计算散度的影响

利用2006—2013年南京站、安庆站和杭州站探空资料,讨论华东地区探空气球的漂移特征。设计不考虑气球漂移、考虑全部气球漂移和考虑部分气球漂移3个试验,比较3种情况下三角形法计算的散度差异。结果表明:气球漂移主要受大气环流及其变化影响,纬向上7月和8月气球随高度增加,先向东漂移、后向西漂移,其他月份以向东漂移为主,冬季漂移距离大;经向上受季风影响明显。考虑全部和部分气球漂移与不考虑气球漂移的散度对比表明,平均绝对偏差各月在对流层顶附近均有极大值;相对偏差季节分布明显,前者在6—9月较大,极大值略大于7%,后者冬季大,1月在200 hPa达到25%,在50 hPa超过50%。因此,利用三角形法计算散度所在层次较高或所使用资料中传统探空和特种探空并存时,均需考虑气球漂移影响。     

“北京气象”手机客户端气象信息GIS快速可视化技术

随着移动互联网和智能手机技术的发展,客户端APP应用是满足便捷、高效、可移动、可定位气象信息服务的重要途径和手段。通过对格点天气、雷达回波、专题图等更新频次高、空间分辨率高、数据量较大的气象信息手机客户端GIS快速可视化关键技术的研究和实践,提出在服务器端应用支撑层部署Surfer专业绘图软件,在客户端数据资源层部署Google预先渲染好的离线栅格瓦片地图,应用支撑层部署开源的OpenLayers WebGIS二次开发组件,在两端应用逻辑层采用数据缓存和分布式存贮技术的手机客户端气象信息GIS快速可视化J2EE技术架构,实现了格点产品、雷达回波、专题图等气象信息GIS快速可视化展示。     

KIS地震仪表系统软件设计

介绍KIS地震仪表系统的功能与软件的结构组成，对软件开发中存在的问题及下一步发展方向进行探讨。     

西秦岭北缘断裂带和海原断裂带断层泥粒度分布和分形研究

用筛选法和悬浮法相结合的方法对采自西秦岭北缘断裂带东段和海原断裂带西段的天然断层泥进行了粒度分布和分形研究。 研究结果表明 这2条断裂带断层泥粒度组成为粗粒级(Φ＜4)含量高，细粒级(Φ≥4)含量低； 断层泥分维值分别为2.594±0.122和2.654±0.112，分维上限分别为2 cm和1 cm。     

黑龙江省农业气候背景分析

概述了黑龙江省的主要气候特征,介绍了主要农业气候资源状况,分析了气候变化与发展趋,并初步探讨了气候变化对黑龙江省农业生产及生态环境的可能影响.     

南极地区近地面太阳气压潮汐初探

Chapman 等大气潮汐专家认为,地球表面的太阳潮汐全口波被抑制,而半口波被放大,这个结论一直延续数十年。然而,根据南极地区三个站的资料计算表明:在南极地区,地面太阳气压潮汐的全日波远强于半日波,这与高登义等(1986)应用我国205个台站资料计算结果是一致的。 上述结果表明,南极地区近地面太阳气压潮汐全日波并未被抑制,而半日波也未被放大。这与Chapman等人的结论是不一致的。     

A study on the water vapor transport trend and water vapor source of the Tibetan Plateau

This study presents results of the pilot experiments made with new parametric multi-site multi-variable stochastic daily weather generator (WG) SPAGETTA. The experiments are performed for eight European regions and we focus on spatial characteristics of temperature. The WG is calibrated using the gridded weather data E-OBS. In evaluating the generator, the spatial and temporal temperature autocorrelations derived from the synthetic series were found to perfectly fit the values derived from the calibration data. Next, the WG is validated in terms of the frequency of “spatial hot days” and the annual maximum length of “spatial hot spells”. The results indicate a very good correspondence between characteristics derived from synthetic and calibration data. As part of the validation tests, the performance of the WG is compared with a regional climate model (RCM), which shows a similar performance as the generator. In a final experiment, the use of the WG for the future climate is demonstrated, the WG parameters (including the temperature autocorrelations) calibrated with the observed data are modified according to the RCM-based changes in these parameters. While analyzing synthetic series produced with the modified generator, we discuss partial impacts due to changes in individual WG parameters on the spatial hot days and spells. We show that the impacts are mainly (but not only) due to changes in temperature averages. The projected changes in temperature autocorrelations have also some impacts, larger for the spatial hot spells than for the spatial hot days. Climate change impacts on spatial hot days/spells based on the WG are compared with impacts based on the RCM, and we conclude that the differences are mainly due to simplifying assumptions adopted in our pilot experiment.     

Development of Climate and Earth System Models in China: Past Achievements and New CMIP6 Results

The Earth-Climate System Model (ECSM) is an important platform for multi-disciplinary and multi-sphere integration research, and its development is at the frontier of international geosciences, especially in the field of global change. The research and development (R&D) of ECSM in China began in the 1980s and have achieved great progress. In China, ECSMs are now mainly developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, ministries, and universities. Following a brief review of the development history of Chinese ECSMs, this paper summarized the technical characteristics of nine Chinese ECSMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and preliminarily assessed the basic performances of four Chinese models in simulating the global climate and the climate in East Asia. The projected changes of global precipitation and surface air temperature and the associated relationship with the equilibrium climate sensitivity under four shared socioeconomic path scenarios were also discussed. Finally, combined with the international situation, from the perspective of further improvement, eight directions were proposed for the future development of Chinese ECSMs.     

Effects of humic acid and Tween-80 on behavior of decabromodiphenyl ether in soil columns

The effects of organic matter, humic acid and Tween-80 on decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) behavior in soil columns were investigated. The BDE-209 transport was simulated in 4-cm-length soil columns whether organic matter was added or not. A high concentration of BDE-209 was washed out of the soil column in the presence of 500 mg L^?1 of Tween-80 for forming and suspending contaminated soil colloids in more than 4-cm-length ones (especially in 10-cm-length ones). While the humic acid was to facilitate BDE-209 adsorption onto soil particles (like soil colloids), Tween-80 was to enhance BDE-209 movement in porous media. The significant concentration averaged from 0.2 to 0.1 μg L^?1 in soil columns of length from 10 to 24 cm with Tween-80 addition by comparing the estimated marginal means (p < 0.05, SPSS). Contrasted with humic acid-binding BDE-209 in soil particles, Tween-80 could carry contaminant soil colloids into deeper layers and even affect the final effluents of 25-cm-length columns. It was visibly presented that the BDE-209 concentration in the effluents was mainly induced by Tween-80. Thus, BDE-209 was carried by soil colloids to transport and pollute longer and wider soil distance with the help of the effective promoters and stabilizers of Tween-80 and humic acid in soil matrix.     

Effects of the external carbon sources on the microbes in the simultaneous biological removal of SO2 and NO x process

Effects of sodium acetate and glucose on the microbes from the simultaneous flue gas desulfurization and denitrogenation tandem biotrickling process were respectively investigated. For the acidophiles, although the impacts of the carbon sources on the total microbial growth and nitrogen conversion in the medium were slight, the sulfite oxidation rate was obviously improved. The highest sulfite ion oxidation ratio in 48 h was up to 47.2 % as 258.08 mmol L^?1 sodium acetate was added in the medium. For the neutrophiles, the two carbons promoted the total microbial growth, but only sodium acetate could enhance the nitrite consumption significantly. The best nitrite consumption rate in 48 h could reach to 86.7 % with 258.08 mmol L^?1 sodium acetate. It provides valuable information for the development of biological SO₂ and NO _x simultaneous purification process.