钎探法探测部分非金属管线中心位置和埋深的探讨

城市地下空间规划中,地下管线的新建和维护是很重要的环节,这都需要知道地下管线的准确位置,因此管线探测必不可少。在管线探测中,非金属管线的探测是比较困难的。论述了使用钎探法探测硬质大管径非金属管线,快速准确确定管线中心位置及中心顶部埋深的方法,推导出计算公式并编写了相应的软件,在实际工程中取得应用,快速而有效地解决了硬质大管径非金属管线探测的问题。     

川南宁西地区龙一段高密度甲烷包裹体发育特征及地质意义

作为川南志留系页岩气重点拓展区,宁西地区经历多次断裂活动,龙一段普遍发育方解石脉体,同时由于热演化程度极高,出现石墨化现象,致使页岩气富集规律不明.本次研究以区内重点探井——宁西202井的龙一段为研究对象,通过系统岩心描述、薄片镜下观察、阴极发光、激光拉曼光谱和显微测温等实验分析,进行了古温压恢复研究.研究表明:龙一段主体分布高角度方解石脉体（A类）,局部发育顺层脉体（B类）.A类脉体中主要发育高密度甲烷包裹体、部分样品出现特殊的沥青包裹体.沥青包裹体中沥青的拉曼R_o（_RmcR_o）为3.52%~4.16%,处于过成熟至石墨化阶段.甲烷拉曼散射峰介于2 910.711 2~2 912.495 1 cm—1,均一温度介于-99.8~-96.3℃.通过拉曼参数位移法和显微测温法分析得出的密度值分别介于0.253 6~0.344 5 g/cm3和0.291 6~0.303 2 g/cm3,呈典型的高密度特征.综上,高密度甲烷包裹体可能捕获于燕山构造运动抬升初期,处于超压状态,指示页岩系统封闭性较好,有利于页岩气的富集.      

天水市秦州区白家堡子滑坡特征与治理措施探析

以天水市秦州区白家堡子滑坡为研究对象,利用已有资料和野外实地勘察对其发育特征和物质组成进行系统的分析。明确了白家堡子滑坡属牵引式中厚层黄土—泥岩滑坡,滑体主要组成物质是黄土及部分全—强风化泥岩堆积层,滑体分上下两层滑面,滑面位于黄土—泥岩交界面或泥岩中,滑体缺少约束条件,较易变形失稳,长期处于活动状态。最后,根据白家堡子滑坡的特征,结合该区域的城市详细建设规划,初步提出白家堡子滑坡治理措施,为后期相邻滑坡的治理提供参考。     

Influences of groundwater extraction on flow dynamics and arsenic levels in the western Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

Data on spatiotemporal variations in groundwater levels are crucial for understanding arsenic (As) behavior and dynamics in groundwater systems. Little is known about the influences of groundwater extraction on the transport and mobilization of As in the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia (China), so groundwater levels were recorded in five monitoring wells from 2011 to 2016 and in 57 irrigation wells and two multilevel wells in 2016. Results showed that groundwater level in the groundwater irrigation area had two troughs each year, induced by extensive groundwater extraction, while groundwater levels in the river-diverted (Yellow River) water irrigation area had two peaks each year, resulting from surface-water irrigation. From 2011 to 2016, groundwater levels in the groundwater irrigation area presented a decreasing trend due to the overextraction. Groundwater samples were taken for geochemical analysis each year in July from 2011 to 2016. Increasing trends were observed in groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) and As. Owing to the reverse groundwater flow direction, the Shahai Lake acts as a new groundwater recharge source. Lake water had flushed the near-surface sediments, which contain abundant soluble components, and increased groundwater salinity. In addition, groundwater extraction induced strong downward hydraulic gradients, which led to leakage recharge from shallow high-TDS groundwater to the deep semiconfined aquifer. The most plausible explanation for similar variations among As, Fe(II) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations is the expected dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides.     

基于时频电磁法的冀中坳陷油气藏勘探调查

将时频电磁法应用于冀中坳陷潜山型油气藏调查中,通过分析潜山油气藏的电磁特性以及岩芯测试结果,总结出潜山带上层油气藏的电磁异常特征为高极化率、低电阻率;潜山内部油气藏的异常特征为高极化率、高电阻率。依据异常参数,在牛驼镇凸起地区划分了2-1,3-1,5-1,5-2和9-1,5个潜山含油气有利区,与现有钻探数据基本吻合。     

山东半岛莱州湾滨海地区黑土湖组地层特征、时代及指示的全新世海岸带变化

地质调查发现,山东半岛西北部的莱州湾滨海地区普遍发育黑土湖组滨海湖沼相、潟湖相沉积,其下伏末次盛冰期泛滥平原相沉积,上覆全新世中晚期海侵层。黑土湖组的分布受古地形和全新世海侵的影响,其形成时代为8.5—5.5 ka B.P.,即由现代海岸线附近因8.5 ka B.P.前后海面上升环境效应开始出现,向陆地方向逐渐过渡到最大海侵线附近的5.5—6.0 ka B.P.期间形成。该地层单元的穿时性指示了海侵向陆地方向的推进,以及大约自5 ka B.P.开始河流沉积作用超过海面高度,莱州湾开始逐步成陆的过程。研究表明,莱州湾地区东部的鲁东地块相对抬升,造成黑土湖组顶板高出现代海面。西部的济阳坳陷区沉降较大,造成黑土湖组埋深较大。莱州湾南岸黑土湖组单元形成的古地形坡度,与现代地形坡度接近,在5.5—8.5 ka B.P.期间的海面变化不大。新的研究结果为更深入认识山东半岛全新世海岸带变化提供了重要依据。     

Dasycladacean alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Palaeodasycladus</Emphasis> in the northern Tethys (West Carpathians,Poland) and its new palaeogeographic range during the Early Jurassic

The green alga Palaeodasycladus was recognized in Lower Jurassic shallow-marine high-energy calcarenites of the Cho? Nappe (Hronicum Domain) in the Tatra Mts in Poland. This occurrence indicates the most Northern record of Palaeodasycladus as it is known mostly from the southern part of the Western Tethys. The stratigraphic range of Palaeodasycladus (Norian, Sinemurian–Pliensbachian) and the upper Pliensbachian age of the overlying calcarenites (previous data on the basis of brachiopods) suggest that the studied part of the section was deposited during the Sinemurian–early Pliensbachian. The previous and current reports on occurrences of Palaeodasycladus allowed determination of a new northern palaeogeographic range of the shallow-marine Mediterranean biota during the Early Jurassic time.     

Block reinforcement behavior and mechanism of soil slopes

In recent years, blocks created by pressure grouting of cement into soil were used to reinforce slopes by targeting specific weak areas. A clear understanding of the block reinforcement mechanism is essential for the accurate evaluation of the stability of block-reinforced slopes and reasonable design of block layouts. A series of centrifuge model tests was conducted to investigate the bearing capacity and the full deformation and failure behavior of block-reinforced slopes, with a focus on the influence of block layouts on the reinforcement effect. A block reinforcement with a reasonable layout was confirmed to increase the stiffness and the ultimate bearing capacity of the slope. The block reinforcement significantly changed the failure mode to the complex disturbance and destruction from slippage failure in an unreinforced slope. The block reinforcement restrained the deformation localization around the blocks and thus prevented the development of the coupling effect between the deformation localization process and the failure process in an unreinforced slope during loading. Such a reinforcement mechanism could be used to explain why the block reinforcement increased the bearing capacity and changed the failure mode of the slope. The blocks exhibited significant motion along with the development of deformation localization in the slope during loading. The block reinforcement effect was significantly affected by the rotation of blocks, which was determined by the block layout.     

山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运对辽东半岛东岸沉积有机质含量及来源的影响

深入理解气候变化影响下海洋动力过程变化及其多重环境效应,是了解海岸海洋系统未来演化趋势的重要途径。因此,本文在辽东半岛东岸泥质区取柱状样一根,通过沉积物粒度、TOC/TN含量、δ13C以及δ15N等指标,分析气候变化下山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运强度变化,及其对辽东半岛东岸泥质区沉积有机质含量和来源的影响。结果表明,高海面时期以来,山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运可分为两个变化阶段：6.5～2.9 cal ka BP,其强度随冬季风和黄海暖流的不断减弱而减弱;2.9 cal ka BP至今,由于冬季风较弱而黄海暖流总体强盛,其强度随黄海暖流的波动而呈现4段式的复杂变化。此外,辽东半岛东岸泥质区陆源和海源有机质含量与其强度呈正相关,相应于跨锋面物质输运强度的变化,6.5～2.9 cal ka BP期间,陆源和海源有机质含量持续减少,而2.9 cal ka BP至今则呈现复杂的4段式变化。总体上看,自6.5 cal ka BP以来,陆源有机质贡献率不断下降而海源有机质贡献率逐渐上升。     

校外托餐场所布局选址与影响因素研究——以西安市雁塔区为例

校外托餐场所作为新型教育辅助设施,主要为中小学生提供餐食休息服务,已逐渐成为学生在家和学校之外的第三活动空间,值得从空间视角深入探究。论文以西安市雁塔区为研究区,基于校外托餐场所及相关兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,综合运用空间分析、数理统计、实地调研方法,解析校外托餐场所的基本功能、布局选址特征及其影响因素。研究发现：① 校外托餐场所主要服务对象为低年级义务教育阶段具有儿童托管需求的家庭,具有育儿辅助和儿童“中转”“寄存”功能,服务类型包括学生托管、餐饮起居、作业辅导等;② 空间上多分布在雁塔区中部与北部,呈“东—西”走向,与城区空间形态和各街道发展状况相契合,主要开设在传统中多层小区、高层公寓式小区与单位家属院内,集中于1~5层的低楼层;③ 区域人口、教育环境、投资成本和空间位置影响其布局选址,其中中小学数量与分布、小区数量与分布、距中心城区距离影响较为显著。最后,结合需求群体,从城区、街道、门店3个尺度,系统梳理了影响因素,并结合“双减”政策对今后的研究方向进行了展望。