Influences of groundwater extraction on flow dynamics and arsenic levels in the western Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

Data on spatiotemporal variations in groundwater levels are crucial for understanding arsenic (As) behavior and dynamics in groundwater systems. Little is known about the influences of groundwater extraction on the transport and mobilization of As in the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia (China), so groundwater levels were recorded in five monitoring wells from 2011 to 2016 and in 57 irrigation wells and two multilevel wells in 2016. Results showed that groundwater level in the groundwater irrigation area had two troughs each year, induced by extensive groundwater extraction, while groundwater levels in the river-diverted (Yellow River) water irrigation area had two peaks each year, resulting from surface-water irrigation. From 2011 to 2016, groundwater levels in the groundwater irrigation area presented a decreasing trend due to the overextraction. Groundwater samples were taken for geochemical analysis each year in July from 2011 to 2016. Increasing trends were observed in groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) and As. Owing to the reverse groundwater flow direction, the Shahai Lake acts as a new groundwater recharge source. Lake water had flushed the near-surface sediments, which contain abundant soluble components, and increased groundwater salinity. In addition, groundwater extraction induced strong downward hydraulic gradients, which led to leakage recharge from shallow high-TDS groundwater to the deep semiconfined aquifer. The most plausible explanation for similar variations among As, Fe(II) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations is the expected dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides.     

川南宁西地区龙一段高密度甲烷包裹体发育特征及地质意义

作为川南志留系页岩气重点拓展区,宁西地区经历多次断裂活动,龙一段普遍发育方解石脉体,同时由于热演化程度极高,出现石墨化现象,致使页岩气富集规律不明.本次研究以区内重点探井——宁西202井的龙一段为研究对象,通过系统岩心描述、薄片镜下观察、阴极发光、激光拉曼光谱和显微测温等实验分析,进行了古温压恢复研究.研究表明:龙一段主体分布高角度方解石脉体（A类）,局部发育顺层脉体（B类）.A类脉体中主要发育高密度甲烷包裹体、部分样品出现特殊的沥青包裹体.沥青包裹体中沥青的拉曼R_o（_RmcR_o）为3.52%~4.16%,处于过成熟至石墨化阶段.甲烷拉曼散射峰介于2 910.711 2~2 912.495 1 cm—1,均一温度介于-99.8~-96.3℃.通过拉曼参数位移法和显微测温法分析得出的密度值分别介于0.253 6~0.344 5 g/cm3和0.291 6~0.303 2 g/cm3,呈典型的高密度特征.综上,高密度甲烷包裹体可能捕获于燕山构造运动抬升初期,处于超压状态,指示页岩系统封闭性较好,有利于页岩气的富集.      

天水市秦州区白家堡子滑坡特征与治理措施探析

以天水市秦州区白家堡子滑坡为研究对象,利用已有资料和野外实地勘察对其发育特征和物质组成进行系统的分析。明确了白家堡子滑坡属牵引式中厚层黄土—泥岩滑坡,滑体主要组成物质是黄土及部分全—强风化泥岩堆积层,滑体分上下两层滑面,滑面位于黄土—泥岩交界面或泥岩中,滑体缺少约束条件,较易变形失稳,长期处于活动状态。最后,根据白家堡子滑坡的特征,结合该区域的城市详细建设规划,初步提出白家堡子滑坡治理措施,为后期相邻滑坡的治理提供参考。     

Effect of hot desert weathering on the bulk‐rock iron isotope composition of L6 and H5 ordinary chondrites

Abstract– Although iron isotopes are increasingly used for meteorites studies, no attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of terrestrial weathering on this isotopic tracer. We have thus conducted a petrographic, chemical, and iron isotopic study of equilibrated ordinary chondrites (OC) recovered from hot Moroccan and Algerian Saharan deserts environment. As previously noticed, we observe that terrestrial desertic weathering is characterized by the oxidation of Fe‐Ni metal (Fe⁰), sulfide and Fe²⁺ occurring in olivine and pyroxene. It produces Fe‐oxides and oxyhydroxides that partially replace metal, sulfide grains and also fill fractures. The bulk chemical compositions of the ordinary chondrites studied show a strong Sr and Ba enrichment and a S depletion during weathering. Bulk meteoritic iron isotope compositions are well correlated with the degree of weathering and S, Sr, and Ba contents. Most weathered chondrites display the heaviest isotopic composition, by up to 0.1‰, which is of similar magnitude to the isotopic variations resulting from meteorite parent bodies’ formation and evolution. This is probably due to the release of isotopically light Fe²⁺ to waters on the Earth’s surface. Hence, when subtle Fe isotopic effects have to be studied in chondrites, meteorites with weathering grade above W2 should be avoided.     

王家岭煤矿中奥陶统峰峰组隔水特征分析

依据王家岭煤矿中奥陶统峰峰组岩性特征及采样分析结果,把该组划分为四个层段:风化淋滤段、上部含石膏段、厚层泥晶灰岩段和下部含膏岩段。在分析该区水文孔抽水试验和岩样溶蚀实验结果的基础上,结合区域的水文地质特征、构造特点、岩性等方面情况,分段分析了峰峰组的隔水特性,分析认为:风化淋滤段、上部含石膏段和厚层泥晶灰岩段隔水能力较弱,下部含膏岩段隔水能力很强。分析结果对开采太原组煤层有一定的参考价值。     

The mid-term and long-term solar quasi-periodic cycles and the possible relationship with planetary motions

This work investigates the solar quasi-periodic cycles with multi-timescales and the possible relationships with planetary motions. The solar cycles are derived from long-term observations of the relative sunspot number and microwave emission at frequency of 2.80 GHz. A series of solar quasi-periodic cycles with multi-timescales are registered. These cycles can be classified into three classes: (1) the strong PLC (PLC is defined as the solar cycle with a period very close to the ones of some planetary motions, named as planetary-like cycle) which is related strongly with planetary motions, including nine periodic modes with relatively short period (P<12 yr), and related to the motions of the inner planets and of Jupiter; (2) the weak PLC, which is related weakly to planetary motions, including two periodic modes with relatively long period (P>12 yr), and possibly related to the motions of outer planets; (3) the non-PLC, for which so far there has been found no clear evidence to show the relationship with any planetary motions. Among the planets, Jupiter plays a key role in most periodic modes due to its sidereal motion or spring tidal motions associated with other planets. Among planetary motions, the spring tidal motion of the inner planets and of Jupiter dominates the formation of most PLCs. The relationships between multi-timescale solar periodic modes and the planetary motions will help us to understand the essential nature and prediction of solar activities.     

西藏地区人体舒适度指数的变化特征

采用1980～2009年西藏地区38个气象站的观测资料,分析了该地区人体舒适度指数的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)无论年或者季节变化,舒适度指数均呈现从东南向西北方向逐渐减少的分布规律,普遍舒适的区域主要位于西藏南部和东南部地区;近30a来西藏地区人体舒适度指数呈现显著增加的趋势;舒适度指数与海拔高度、纬度、温度和相对湿度密切相关;(2)从舒适日数来看,西藏地区基本处于冷或偏冷、凉或偏凉的舒适度状态,寒冷和普遍舒适的日数较少;近30a来西藏地区1级和2级不舒适天数呈现逐渐减少趋势,3级、4级不舒适天数和5级舒适天数呈现逐渐增加的趋势;(3)从适合旅游的舒适天数来看,西北部以6～9月为适宜旅游月份,中部以5～9月或10月为适宜旅游月份,过渡到东南部地区以5～9月或10月为适宜旅游月份,甚至可以提前到4月;旅游适宜月份数和天数由北向南呈逐渐增加的趋势。     

利用 LiDAR 点云提取有地形约束的光滑海岸线

针对传统海岸线提取算法误差大、在地形突变区域形变大的缺点,提出了一种基于离散 LiDAR 点云提取有地形约束海岸线的方法.首先,通过离散点云构建约束三角网,减少内插规则格网的误差并且保证海岸线不穿越地形结构;其次,进行顾及地形结构的点云高程修正,在数据源上缓解海岸线的平滑问题;最后采取二次多项式法消除毛刺,利用动态阈值张力样条函数内插生成光滑海岸线.     

西藏地区近几十年的增湿效应研究

利用1955-2000年西藏6个地面观测站的46年连续观测资料,分析了近几十年西藏自治区部分地区气温、降水及水汽压变化特征,并利用第二类热成风螺旋度解释气温与降水的关系.结果表明:西藏近几十年平均气温呈显著的上升趋势,尤其是20世纪90年代以来更为显著(10年上升了0.32℃);全区降水量也有增多趋势;1955-1964年西藏地区气温升高时,第二类热成风螺旋度上升,导致降水量同时增多.1965-1981年气温、降水和第二类热成风螺旋度的变化幅度均较小.1982～2000年气温显著上升时,第二类热成风螺旋度上升,引起湿旋转作用加强,温度扰动加强,从而进一步加速大气中的水汽凝结,形成更多的降水;与此同时,地面蒸发量却减少,导致地表水增加,引发更多的地质灾害,造成更大的经济损失.     

西藏改则地区在东亚季风前期大气层特征

利用JICA项目改则站第二阶段加密探空观测资料,着重揭示了该地区大气层结构的观测事实,尤其是边界层风、温、湿特征。主要结论如下：（1）该地区不论是对流层还是边界层,温度递减率都较大,白天可以接近或超过干绝热直减率,在清晨出现逆温的频率较多。（2）该地区白天近地层存在逆湿现象,近地层上部是否存在逆湿现象与天气和下垫面背景有关。（3）该地区近地层风速极值也出现在早晚时刻,白天风速较小。边界层风则随高度呈多峰值变化。