2002年山东省地质调查工作进展和主要成果

2002年度山东省地质调查院共承担国土资源大调查项目16个,其中续做项目14个,新开项目2个;承担省直矿产资源补偿费项目3个,中央矿产资源补偿费项目1个,参加省国土资源厅项目2个。正式提交报告的项目5个。在基础地质调查、矿产资源调查评价、地质灾害预警等方面取得一些新的发现和成果。1 基础地质调查本年度新开展了1∶25万潍坊市、青岛市、乳山市、灵山卫幅区调修测,续作了1∶25万日照市、烟台市威海市西半幅区调修测,1∶25万淄博市幅区调修测,1∶5万海阳、朱吴2幅区域地质调查项目。承担了1∶5万安丘市幅区调,1∶20万济宁市、金乡县幅区调2…     

南华北地区及其北部邻区上石炭统—中二叠统高分辨率层序地层

南华北地区石炭系—二叠系烃源岩广泛发育,是未来页岩气勘探的重要目标;然而,其研究程度低,区域地质构造复杂,岩性地层对比关系不清。基于高分辨率层序地层学及沉积学的相关理论,以区内12口井的钻测井资料和两口井的岩心资料为依据,开展了南华北地区及北部邻区上石炭统—中二叠统层序地层划分。结果显示,研究区内太原组、山西组和下石盒子组属于一个不完整的超长期旋回,内部可划分为5个长期旋回和14个中期旋回。中期基准面旋回结构样式可分为3类:(1)以上升半旋回为主的不完全对称类型,多发育在近岸三角洲背景下;(2)以下降半旋回为主的不完全对称类型,多发育在深水的潮间-潮下/潟湖环境;(3)上升半旋回与下降半旋回近于相等的近完全-完全相等的对称类型,在三角洲和潮坪相浅水区域均有发育。从南北向与东西向层序地层年代格架剖面分析可以发现,研究区内不存在大型的或者区域性的沉积间断与不整合面,但研究区因后期构造作用,南部与北部产生“翘板式”转换抬升,局部出现剥蚀间断,形成与上、下地层假整合接触。     

Syn-sedimentary hydrothermal dolomites in a lacustrine rift basin: Petrographic and geochemical evidence from the lower Cretaceous Erlian Basin,Northern China

Dolomites occur extensively in the lower Cretaceous along syn-sedimentary fault zones of the Baiyinchagan Sag, westernmost Erlian Basin, within a predominantly fluvial–lacustrine sedimentary sequence. Four types of dolomite are identified, associated with hydrothermal minerals such as natrolite, analcime and Fe-bearing magnesite. The finely-crystalline dolomites consist of anhedral to subhedral crystals (2 to 10 μm), evenly commixed with terrigenous sediments that occur either as matrix-supporting grains (Fd1) or as massive argillaceous dolostone (Fd2). Medium-crystalline (Md) dolomites are composed of subhedral to euhedral crystals aggregates (50 to 250 μm) and occur in syn-sedimentary deformation laminae/bands. Coarse-crystalline (Cd) dolomites consist of non-planar crystals (mean size >1 mm), and occur as fracture infills cross-cutting the other dolomite types. The Fd1, Md and Cd dolomites have similar values of δ¹⁸O (−20·5 to −11·0‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) and δ¹³C (+1·4 to +4·5‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite), but Fd2 dolomites are isotopically distinct (δ¹⁸O −8·5 to −2·3‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite; δ¹³C +1·4 to +8·6‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite). Samples define three groups which differ in light rare-earth elements versus high rare-earth elements enrichment/depletion and significance of Tb, Yb and Dy anomalies. Medium-crystalline dolomites have signatures that indicate formation from brines at very high temperature, with salinities of 11·8 to 23·2 eq. wt. % NaCl and T_h values of 167 to 283°C. The calculated temperatures of Fd1 and Cd dolomites extend to slightly lower values (141 to 282°C), while Fd2 dolomites are distinctly cooler (81 to 124°C). These results suggest that the dolomites formed from hydrothermal fluid during and/or penecontemporaneous with sediment deposition. Faults and fractures bounding the basin were important conduits through which high-temperature Mg-rich fluids discharged, driven by an abnormally high heat flux associated with local volcanism. It is thought that differing amounts of cooling and degassing of these hydrothermal fluids, and of mixing with lake waters, facilitated the precipitation of dolomite and associated minerals, and resulted in the petrographic and geochemical differences between the dolomites.     

多波束声纳水柱影像在浅水目标探测中的应用

在海道测量领域,有关多波束声纳水柱影像的应用研究已成为当前的前沿和热点问题之一。分析了影响水柱影像质量的主要因素,阐述了水柱数据采集的参数设置和影像判读的一些要点。通过在南海区的几个实践案例的分析,对水柱影像在水下障碍物探测中扫测细小物体、获取目标详细特征等作用进行了验证,说明了水柱影像在多波束声纳底部检测的质量控制方面存在的优势,最后提出了目前面临的一些问题和应用前景。     

二维GPR反问题的同伦自适应算法

以复杂介质中的二维探地雷达(GPR)反问题为研究对象,利用同伦方法和信赖域技术,构造了1种具有大范围收敛特点并能自适应选取正则化参数的反演算法,克服了传统数值迭代法容易陷入局部收敛的弱点,放宽了对初值选取的严格限制.数值结果验证了算法的健壮性和有效性.     

Integrated vegetation classification and mapping using remote sensing and GIS techniques

1INTRODUCTIONResearchonglobalenvironmentalchange,especiallyglobalvegetationchange,hasbeenmoreandmoreemphasizedbyscientistsandgovernments.HoWever,theinvestigationofvegetationcoveredinlargeareaneedagreatdealoffundandlaal.Asthesatelliteremotesensingdatahavebeenavailablesinceearly1980s,thesedataarebeingemployedtowardstOtheimprovementofvegetationclassification.NOAA--AVHRRdatahavebeenmoreandmoreusedbyscientistsbecauseOfitsshorttemPOralrefution,largescope,inexpensivecostandbreadwavebands.On…     

剪切作用下Cu(100)扭转晶界塑性行为研究

本文采用分子动力学方法研究了在剪切载荷作用下,Cu(100)扭转晶界对Cu柱屈服强度的影响.模拟结果发现,在加载过程中,低角度扭转晶界形成的位错网发生位错形核与扩展,位错之间的塞积作用提高了Cu柱的屈服强度;对于高角度扭转晶界,晶界发生滑动降低了Cu柱的屈服强度.同时发现,随着扭转角度的增加,Cu柱的屈服强度先增大,当扭转角度大于临界角度时,Cu柱的屈服应力逐渐减小.这表明剪切载荷作用下,两种不同的机理主导Cu柱的屈服,对于小于临界角度的扭转晶界,Cu柱的屈服由晶界位错形核和扩展机理主导,对于大于临界角度     

Multi-photon resonance enhanced super high-order harmonic generation

This paper proposes highly charged ions pumped by intense laser to produce very high order harmonics. Numerical simulations and full quantum theory of Ne⁹⁺ ions driven by laser pulses at 1064 nm in the power range of 10⁹ W/cm² ～ 10¹⁵ W/cm² show that the emission spectrum corresponds to the electronic transitions from the excited states to the ground state, which is very different from the spectrum of general high-order harmonic generation. In such situation, harmonic order as high as 1000 can be obtained without producing lower order harmonics and the energy conversion efficiency is close to general high order harmonic generation of hydrogen atom in the same laser field.     

Transcriptome profiling analysis of Mactra veneriformis by deep sequencing after exposure to 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous global pollutants, which are known to have immune, development, reproduction, and endocrine toxicity in...     

北戴河西海滩人工养护前后沉积物粒度变化特征

通过对北戴河西海滩养护前、养护初、3个月和一年后表层沉积物样品粒度实验,获得沉积物粒度参数,并结合Gao—ACollins粒径趋势模型,对海滩养护后沉积物粒度变化特征及其对养护海滩的影响进行了研究。结果显示经波浪等动力作用后,养护后的新海滩沉积物整体呈粗化、分选性变好趋势;海滩沉积物以推移质和跃移质为主;沉积物净运移趋势由离岸搬运为主变为沿岸搬运占优势;填沙物质特征对填沙区及其上、下游沉积物粒度特征有影响,但这种影响随时间推移逐渐减小;潜堤等硬工程设施对养护海滩的稳定具有积极作用。一年后,养护海滩保存良好,填沙物质的选择较合理。