X波段相控阵天气雷达对流过程观测 外场试验及初步结果分析

中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室与安徽四创电子股份有限公司联合研发了专门用于快速观测对流过程、具有多波束观测能力的X波段相控阵天气雷达(XPAR),并利用该雷达与C波段双线偏振雷达(CPOL)于2013年4~6月在广东省江门市鹤山站进行了对比观测试验,以检验该雷达观测模式及其对快速变化的对流云演变过程的观测能力,为进一步改进雷达观测模式提供依据。本文首先介绍了XPAR的主要技术指标和观测模式,利用实测数据对比分析了三种观测模式观测的回波结构、灵敏度,并与C波段双线偏振雷达数据进行了对比,详细分析了2013年5月30日一次中尺度线状对流系统后部的单体的发展和消亡过程,讨论了XPAR分钟级数据在分析对流过程演变中的作用。结果表明:(1)XPAR三种观测模式获取的降水回波结构合理,实现了在1 min内完成一个高空间分辨率的体扫的探测功能,数据的时空分辨率远远高于现有的机械扫描雷达;(2)XPAR的精细观测模式数据揭示了单体触发、发展和演变过程,清晰给出了两次径向辐合发展过程及其与回波发展的关系,给出了新一代天气雷达和C波段双线偏振雷达不能提供的新的事实;(3)XPAR分钟级数据对进一步认识对流单体内部γ中尺度及其更小尺度系统的发展和演变有非常大的帮助。     

Esophageal cancer spatial and correlation analyses: Water pollution,mortality rates,andsafe buffer distances in China简

Esophageal cancer exhibits one of the highest incidence and mortality rates in China. Malignant tumors caused by esophageal cancer, and the relationship to environmental factors has been the focus of many public health studies. This study applied spatial analysis to ascertain the relationship between water pollution and esophageal cancer mortality rates nationwide. We employed two datasets, including a national investigation of esophageal cancer rates and distribution, and national water quality grades in China＇s primary rivers and lakes. Esophageal cancer data were grouped based on different water quality grades, which included a scaled buffer distance from rivers and lakes. Non-parametric correlation analyses were performed to examine the presence or absence of the following correlations： （i） eso- phageal cancer mortality and buffer distance from rivers and lakes; and （ii） esophageal can- cer mortality and water quality grade values. The present study revealed a significant positive correlation between widespread water pollution and esophageal cancer mortality nationwide; and a significant negative correlation between esophageal cancer mortality, and buffer dis- tance from rivers and lakes.     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震序列参数的早期 特征: 传染型余震序列模型计算结果

为考察2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震震后序列参数的早期特征, 利用“传染型余震序列”(ETAS)模型和最大似然法进行了参数估计. 设定截止震级M_c=M_L2.0, 拟合时段为震后0.31—24.12天, 计算获得α=1.89, p=1.22, 同时利用最大似然法估计获得b=0.72. 与中国大陆地区其它中强震的余震序列参数的比较表明, 芦山M_S7.0地震序列参数表现为触发次级余震的能力较弱和序列衰减速率较快的特征, 反映出余震区相对较高的应力水平. 为检测结果的稳定性, 设定不同的截止震级M_c以及不同的拟合截止时间, 分别进行参数拟合和参数标准差估计. 结果表明, M_c的选取对α值影响明显, 对p值影响则较小. 此外, 震后10天内获得的参数拟合结果随时间变化较为明显, 而其后各参数变化总体较为平稳.      

A hybrid factorial stepwise-cluster analysis method for streamflow simulation – a case study in northwestern China

ABSTRACT

In this study, a hybrid factorial stepwise-cluster analysis (HFSA) method is developed for modelling hydrological processes. The HFSA method employs a cluster tree to represent the complex nonlinear relationship between inputs (predictors) and outputs (predictands) in hydrological processes. A real case of streamflow simulation for the Kaidu River basin is applied to demonstrate the efficiency of the HFSA method. After training a total of 24?108 calibration samples, the cluster tree for daily streamflow is generated based on a stepwise-cluster analysis (SCA) approach and is then used to reproduce the daily streamflows for calibration (1995–2005) and validation (2008–2010) periods. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients for calibration and validation are 0.68 and 0.65, respectively, and the deviations of volume are 1.68% and 4.11%, respectively. Results show that: (i) the HFSA method can formulate a SCA-based hydrological modelling system for streamflow simulation with a satisfactory fitting; (ii) the variability and peak value of streamflow in the Kaidu River basin can be effectively captured by the SCA-based hydrological modelling system; (iii) results from 2⁶ factorial experiments indicate that not only are minimum temperature and precipitation key drivers of system performance, but also the interaction between precipitation and minimum temperature significantly impacts on the streamflow. The findings are useful in indicating that the streamflow of the study basin is a mixture of snowmelt and rainfall water.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR G. Thirel     

大庆长垣北部葡萄花上部油层高分辨率层序地层划分

应用高分辨率层序地层学以及沉积学相关理论,依据67口井的岩芯和8000口井的测井资料,将松辽盆地大庆长垣北部喇萨杏地区的葡萄花油组上部油层（PI油层）划分为1个受湖泛面限定的完整中期基准面旋回,并在其内部划分出10~14个短期基准面旋回,指出了PI油层在南北向上存在厚度以及短期旋回个数的差异。通过平行及垂直物源方向上的密井剖面分析并结合前人认识以及构造背景,认为葡I油层存在着三种不同的地层叠覆模式:低可容空间下的主动进积薄层叠覆模式;极低可容空间下的强迫进积过路沉积模式;侵蚀进积的叠合模式。该认知对于指导喇萨杏地区甚至整个长垣地区的高精度地层对比具有指导意义。     

虚拟化技术在公共服务平台中的应用

阐述了虚拟化技术及其优势,探讨在上海市公众网平台上建立公共虚拟机服务平台,并对上海市地理信息服务系统在公共虚拟服务平台上的应用进行实证分析,有助于为政府各部门提供更有效的基础地理信息服务。     

Geochronological Framework and Geodynamic Implications of Mafic Magmatism in the Liaodong Peninsula and Adjacent Regions, North China Craton

Mafic rocks are widespread on the Liaodong Peninsula and adjacent regions of the North China Craton. The majority of this magmatism was originally thought to have occurred during the Pre-Sinian, although the precise geochronological framework of this magmatism was unclear. Here, we present the results of more than 60 U–Pb analyses of samples performed over the past decade, with the aim of determining the spatial and temporal distribution of mafic magmatism in this area. These data indicate that Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic mafic rocks are not as widely distributed as previously thought. The combined geochronological data enabled the subdivision of the mafic magmatism into six episodes that occurred during the middle Paleoproterozoic, the late Paleoproterozoic, the Mesoproterozoic, the Late Triassic, the Middle Jurassic, and the Early Cretaceous. The middle Paleoproterozoic (2.1–2.2 Ga) mafic rocks formed in a subduction-related setting and were subsequently metamorphosed during a ca. 1.9 Ga arc–continent collision event. The late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.87–1.82 Ga) bimodal igneous rocks mark the end of a Paleoproterozoic tectono-thermal event, whereas Mesoproterozoic mafic dike swarms record global-scale Mesoproterozoic rifting associated with the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. The Late Triassic mafic magmatism is part of a Late Triassic magmatic belt that was generated by post-collisional extension. The Middle Jurassic mafic dikes formed in a compressive tectonic setting, and the Early Cretaceous bimodal igneous rocks formed in an extensional setting similar to a back-arc basin. These latter two periods of magmatism were possibly related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate.     

Characterization and analysis of ribosomal proteins in two marine calanoid copepods

Copepods are among the most abundant and successful metazoans in the marine ecosystem. However, genomic resources related to fundamental cellular processes are still limited in this particular group of crustaceans. Ribosomal proteins are the building blocks of ribosomes, the primary site for protein synthesis. In this study, we characterized and analyzed the c DNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins(c RPs) of two calanoid copepods, P seudodiaptomus poplesia and A cartia pacifi ca. We obtained 79 c RP c DNAs from P. poplesia and 67 from A. pacifi ca by c DNA library construction/sequencing and rapid amplifi cation of c DNA ends. Analysis of the nucleic acid composition showed that the copepod c RP-encoding genes had higher GC content in the protein-coding regions(CDSs) than in the untranslated regions(UTRs), and single nucleotide repeats(3 repeats) were common, with "A" repeats being the most frequent, especially in the CDSs. The 3′-UTRs of the c RP genes were signifi cantly longer than the 5′-UTRs. Codon usage analysis showed that the third positions of the codons were dominated by C or G. The deduced amino acid sequences of the c RPs contained high proportions of positively charged residues and had high p I values. This is the fi rst report of a complete set of c RP-encoding genes from copepods. Our results shed light on the characteristics of c RPs in copepods, and provide fundamental data for further studies of protein synthesis in copepods. The copepod c RP information revealed in this study indicates that additional comparisons and analysis should be performed on different taxonomic categories such as orders and families.     

InSAR与北斗/GNSS综合方法监测地表形变研究现状与展望

作为蓬勃发展的空间大地测量技术,InSAR和北斗/GNSS在地表形变监测中具有独特优势。应用两种手段开展综合测量,可充分利用其互补性,实现北斗/GNSS高时间分辨率与InSAR高空间分辨率的有机统一。本文首先介绍了InSAR与北斗/GNSS监测地表形变的基本原理,重点探讨了InSAR研究在20余年内的理论发展;其次综述了InSAR与北斗/GNSS技术集成及数据融合研究的最新进展;然后总结分析了当前地表形变监测应用所面临的关键问题及挑战;最后对InSAR与北斗/GNSS综合测量方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Probability Prediction Model for Landslide Occurrences in Xi’an,Shaanxi Province,China

Landslides are increasing since the 1980s in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. This is due to the increase of the frequency and intensity of precipitation caused by complex geological structures, the presence of steep landforms, seasonal heavy rainfall, and the intensifcation of human activities. In this study, we propose a landslide prediction model based on the analysis of intraday rainfall （IR） and antecedent effective rainfall （AER）. Primarily, the number of days and degressive index of the antecedent effective rainfall which affected landslide occurrences in the areas around Qin Mountains, Li Mountains and Loess Tableland was established. Secondly, the antecedent effective rainfall and intraday rainfall were calculated from weather data which were used to construct critical thresholds for the 10%, 50% and 90% probabilities for future landslide occurrences in Qin Mountain, Li Mountain and Loess Tableland. Finally, the regions corresponding to different warning levels were identified based on the relationship between precipitation and the threshold, that is; “A” region is safe, “B” region is on watch alert, “C” region is on warning alert and “D” region is on severe warning alert. Using this model, a warning program is proposed which can predict rainfall-induced landslides by means of real-time rain gauge data and real-time geo-hazard alert and disaster response programs. Sixteen rain gauges were installed in the Xi’an region by keeping in accordance with the regional geology and landslide risks. Based on the data from gauges, this model accurately achieves the objectives of conducting real-time monitoring as well as providing early warnings of landslides in the Xi’an region.