中国边境地区城镇化时空格局及其驱动力

Border area is not only an important gateway for inland opening-up,but also an important part of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and optimizing national urban spatial pattern in China.Due to the location,natural resources endowment,and traffic accessibility,the urbanization speed is relatively slow in border areas.Therefore,it is a special area that needs to pay close attention to,especially under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative and China's regional coordinated development program.Based on the county-level data from 2000 to 2015,this paper tries to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of urbanization in 134 border counties,and applies geographical detector method to study the driving forces of urbanization in border areas.Conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2015,urbanization rate in border areas has been lower than the national average,and the gap has been widening.Some border counties in southern Xinjiang,Tibet,northeast of Inner Mongolia,and Yunnan,are even facing the problem of population loss.(2)In the same period,urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border is low,while their urbanization rate grows relatively faster comparing with other border counties;urbanization rate in Tibet border is the lowest and grows relatively slowly;urbanization rate in the northeastern and northern border is slightly higher,but it grows slowly or even stagnates.(3)Transportation and industry are the important driving forces of urbanization in border areas,while the driving forces of market is relatively weak.And there are obvious mutual reinforcements among the driving forces,while the effort and explanatory power of resource force increases obviously after interaction.(4)Urbanization rate in the northwestern and southwestern border areas grows relatively fast,with industrial force and transportation force,market force and administrative force as the main driving forces respectively.Tibet border area has the lowest urbanization rate and growth rate,as the driving force of urbanization with strong contribution has not yet formed in Tibet.In the northeastern and northern border areas,the contribution of transportation force to urbanization is greater than other forces,and its interaction with market and industry has obvious effects.     

中小企业集群信息技术应用及其影响因素分析 ———以温岭市鞋业集群为例

近年来, 信息技术的广泛应用正在对产业集群的形成和发展产生着深刻的影响。基于现 代信息技术所形成的网络联系逐渐成为产业集群关系网络的主要内容之一, 是深刻理解产业集 群演化和升级机制的重要方面。特别是, 信息技术可以使产业集群内中小企业空间联系的范围扩 大、时间成本下降, 为其走向全球市场提供便利的条件。本文首先回顾了我国企业信息技术应用 的发展过程与具体形式, 并在此基础上阐述了影响中小企业集群中信息技术应用的主要因素, 最 后以浙江省温岭市鞋业集群为案例分析了这些因素的具体作用。     

信息技术时代的企业区位研究(英文)

The wide application of information and communication technologies(ICTs) has been argued to be critical to spatial transformation of firms.Recent advances in the studies along this line have challenged traditional location theory.The existing literature,however,focuses mainly on the impacts of ICTs on locational conditions and industrial spatial distribution.The dynamics behind such changes have not yet been given sufficient attention by geographers.Given this background,this paper investigates the impact of new ICTs on traditional location theory and the dynamics of industrial re-location that are enabled by new ICTs,based on data collected from an investigation of 178 firms.The paper argues that the application of new ICTs has been a key location factor in the information age,and that the time-cost is becoming critical to the spatial organization of firms,particularly as a result of a shorter product life and mass customization,among other dynamics.     

中国沿边口岸的时空格局及功能模式

沿边口岸是中国对外开放的重要门户,是"一带一路"战略的重要平台;而"一带一路"的实施也必将给沿边口岸带来巨大的发展机遇。中国沿边口岸的发展已引起学术界的重视,但现有研究主要集中在空间分布及发展模式等方面,关于中国沿边口岸体系形成的时空规律及口岸功能的研究还较少。本文通过大量的数据分析,从地理学角度刻画中国沿边口岸发展的时空格局,并基于RCI模型定量分析沿边口岸对沿边地区的带动作用。研究发现,建国后中国沿边口岸发展可以分为平稳对外开放、加速对外开放、全方位对外开放3个阶段;目前,沿边口岸以公路口岸为主,内河口岸、铁路口岸和航空口岸为辅;空间上主要集中分布在中俄、中蒙、中哈和中朝边境。另外,RCI结果显示,中国大部分沿边口岸对城市发展的带动作用不突出,"过货化"现象比较明显。     

“一带一路”生产网络及中国参与程度

随着全球化深入发展,全球生产网络已经成为协调和组织全球生产活动最主要的组织平台。共建“一带一路”倡议的提出标志着包容性全球化时代的到来,中国也将更快速、深入地融入全球生产网络中。在此背景下,“一带一路”沿线地区内部是否形成了较强的生产网络联系,中国在其中的参与程度又如何,是一个非常有意义的研究议题。论文基于全球生产网络视角,运用投入产出分析、增加值分解以及网络分析等方法,开展了定量研究。结果表明：① 研究期内,“一带一路”区域内部生产网络联系强度不断提升;② 中国在“一带一路”生产网络价值流动中处于核心和首位地位,且首位优势不断增强;③ 中国获取增加值空间分布上,呈现出东高西低、东南集聚的空间特征,东南亚是中国获取增加值的最主要来源地;④ 中国从“一带一路”沿线国家最终品中获取增加值效率较低,面临着“低端锁定”的困境,价值捕获能力亟待进一步提升。因此,中国应加大空间整合力度,最大化与“一带一路”区域的生产合作,同时进行由增量到提质的发展方式转型,提升增加值获取效率,为中国经济发展找到新的增长点。     

跨境经济合作区建设的“尺度困境”——以中老磨憨-磨丁经济合作区为例

20世纪70年代以来,随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化的快速发展,跨境经济合作区作为次区域经济合作的一种组织模式开始不断发展并得到学术界的重视。“一带一路”倡议提出后,边境地区越来越成为对外开放的前沿,而跨境经济合作区成为促进中国与沿线国家经贸合作的重要载体。由于涉及国家主权让渡及各种要素跨越国界流动,跨境经济合作区具有高度的复杂性和不确定性,其建设进展相对较慢。通过中老磨憨-磨丁经济合作区的案例分析,深入探讨跨境经济合作区的建设难题、形成机制及突破路径。研究认为,跨境经济合作区建设面临典型的“尺度困境”,其困境大小主要取决于区域经济一体化程度,国内多尺度治理协调程度及边境双边治理结构匹配程度等3个维度。跨境经济合作区作为多尺度汇聚的边境地区,区域经济一体化是降低跨境合作边界屏蔽效应的关键,而其治理需要从国家到地方多尺度的紧密合作以及边境双边的制度对接。打破跨境经济合作区的“尺度困境”需要边境双边协同治理,国家尺度较完善的制度安排,或给予地方较大的自主权限,同时要加强跨境基础设施建设。     

Spatial coupling analysis of regional economic development and environmental pollution in China

Given the great number of studies focusing on the temporal interaction between economic and environmental subsystems, it is useful to perform a quantitative spatial assessment of these subsystems. In this paper, comprehensive assessment indicators for regional economic development and environmental pollution subsystems are constructed. Then, the degree of coupling and coordination of the regional economy-environment system is calculated for 350 prefectural units in China. It is found that the economic development and environmental pollution in most prefectural units is still at a low level of coupling and coordination. According to the coupling and coordination values, the Chinese territory can be divided into four types of area: economy-environment harmonious area, economy-environment gearing area, economy-environment rivaling area and low coupling degree of economy-environment area. Based on a structural analysis of the industrial sector in the four types of areas, there is a spatial relationship between the regional industrial sector structure and the coupling-coordination level. In the economy-environment harmonious area, the sectors of manufacturing of high-technology and high value-added products, such as communications, computer and electronic equipment, transport equipment and electrical machinery, account for a large proportion of the value of local industrial output. The industrial value of the economy-environment gearing area is concentrated on the manufacturing of machinery and equipment, and contains a few polluting sectors such as ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical manufacturing and electricity generation. The economy-environment rivaling area is the type of area where polluting sectors concentrate, such as iron and steel, petrifaction, coal mining, building materials and electricity generation. In the low coupling degree of economy-environment area, its industry is concentrated on the production and processing of primary products.     

全球粮食贸易网络演变及其驱动因素解析

论文基于全球238个国家和地区的面板数据,研究1988—2018年全球粮食贸易网络的空间格局演变,并引入零膨胀负二项回归构建粮食贸易的引力模型以解析其影响因素,以期揭示全球粮食贸易的驱动因素。结果表明：① 全球粮食贸易规模在波动中呈快速上升态势,贸易增速年际波动较大;贸易商品结构不断多元化,但仍以小麦、玉米和大麦为主。② 全球粮食贸易网络密度不断增强,局部核心节点存在极化现象,但整体贸易网络多元化趋势不断增强。在国家尺度,粮食贸易网络结构由“东西轴线”转向“多点放射”,逐渐从极化转向多元;其中,粮食出口网络核心节点不断增加,但区域粮食出口网络仍受几个核心国家主导;进口网络的集中特征逐渐弱化且更加均衡。③ 土地资源禀赋、农业产业结构、对外开放程度是各个国家和地区参与全球粮食贸易的核心驱动因素,价格差异水平、语言邻近性、空间物理距离、社会治理水平对各个国家和地区参与全球粮食贸易有一定影响,其他因素的影响作用较小。该研究能丰富贸易地理相关研究,提升对全球粮食贸易的科学认知,并为保障中国粮食安全提供支撑。     

信息技术对中国服装企业空间组织的影响

近年来,信息技术的广泛应用在对传统的企业组织模式产生深刻影响的同时,也催生了一些新的企业组织模式.信息技术导致的市场透明化和竞争激烈化正在促使企业进行不断的变革和发展,比如生产链的变革及其在不同环节上的体现.这些变化对企业空间组织产生着重要影响.信息技术的角色和作用、企业的变革方向以及可能产生的空间组织变化,都需要深入的研究.结合统计数据、企业访谈和问卷调查等数据,回顾了中国企业信息技术应用的概况和主要类型,并在此基础上以上虞市服装企业集群和PPG为案例进行对比分析,在地方层面上探讨信息技术对企业空间组织的影响.案例研究结果显示信息技术促进企业生产活动的空间集聚以及企业销售活动的空间扩散,时间成本正成为信息时代企业空间组织的重要影响因素.     

中国西部地区贸易格局与贸易结构分析

随着西部大开发战略深入实施,西部地区对外贸易迅速发展,“一带一路”战略更为其提供了绝好机遇。采用贸易结合度指数、显性比较优势和出口相似度指数等方法,从空间结构和产品结构刻画西部地区外贸格局及其省际差异。研究发现：① 西部地区形成以重庆、四川为核心,广西、云南、新疆三大边疆省份为高地的对外开放格局;② 外贸规模最大的是美国等传统贸易大国和哈萨克斯坦、澳大利亚等资源型出口国,外贸依存关系最密切的是周边国家和非洲部分经济欠发达国家;③ 外贸结构趋于优化,机电设备等产品出口比重提高,但具有强竞争优势的仍为资源和劳动密集型产品;④ 呈现结构相近的两大出口组团和三大进口组团,其中四川和重庆外贸结构较优,以较高技术含量的机器电气设备和交通运输设备为主。