2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣Ms4.8地震特征

分析2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣Ms4.8地震序列特征,利用P波初动及振幅比和波形反演CAP两种方法计算震源机制解,结合本次地震的地质构造和历史地震活动背景、震源机制、余震分布、极震区长轴方向等分析,结果表明,隐伏的西辛封断裂为发震构造的可能性较大.     

用前3秒P波估计地震大小的早期预警方法是否适用于短周期记录？-1999年集集地震序列的模拟实验

现有的地震早期预警系统大多采用宽频带记录或强震记录, 然而很多地震台站仍然使用短周期地震仪. 用短周期地震记录估计大地震震级时会出现饱和的现象早已众所周知. 但需要研究的问题是tau;c和Pd方法估计地震震级时出现饱和的震级到底是多少.为研究使用短周期记录进行地震早期预警的可能性,本文使用1999年集集地震序列的强震数据（包括主震和31次余震）进行模拟实验,所选地震序列的震级在4级到7.6级范围内. 用强震记录与短周期地震仪响应函数的卷积模拟短周期记录,利用其前3秒波形计算参数tau;c和Pd,并与用原始的强地面运动记录计算得到的结果进行比较. 结果表明, 在一定程度上,短周期地震记录仍可用作地震的早期阈值预警,并且Pd方法直到6.5级才出现饱和,好于tau;c方法.      

数字地震台网中的深低频脉动观测？

深低频脉动(Deep Low Frequency Tremor,即LFT)的观测近年来引起地震科学界的关注,相关的观测和研究在地震机理和地震预测预报的探索中显示出重要的应用价值.随着中国数字地震观测网络的建设和完善,通过常规地震观测对板块内部和碰撞型板块边界地区LFT是否存在、(如果存在则)是否具有普遍性、是否与间歇性地震脉动与滑动(Epidemic Tremor and Slip,即ETS)相联系等问题进行系统的调查研究,在技术上已逐步成为可能.为此,本文讨论了目前用数字地震观测系统进行LFT观测的现状和方法,并对将LFT的系统调查引入中国数字地震观测系统的常规观测提出操作建议.     

基于BERT—BiLSTM—CRF模型的中文岩石描述文本命名实体与关系联合提取

地质调查正在从"数字化"走向"智能化",需要在大数据思维的指导下,面向非结构化数据开展机器阅读和地质知识的自动提取.地学命名实体和关系联合提取是当前研究的难点和核心.本文采用基于大规模预训练中文语言模型的BERT—BiLSTM—CRF方法开展岩石描述文本命名实体与关系联合提取.首先,通过收集数字地质填图工作中的剖面测量...     

汶川地震序列中较大深度余震的一种可能的直接观测证据

汶川地震序列中为数很少的深度大于30km的余震是否存在,对解释汶川地震的成因机制具有重要意义.本文分析了汶川地震序列中26个"恰好"发生在观测台站下方的小地震--"台下地震",利用这种地震与台站之间的特殊组合来确定这些地震的震源深度,以期为地震精确定位提供"GT事件".在这26个地震中,有两例的震源深度约36km,尽管仍与所采用的地壳结构模型有关,却也提供了深度大于30km的余震存在的直接证据.     

Temporal variation of noise correlation function (NCF) in Beijing and surroundings: Its relation with climate events and implications

Noise correlation function (NCF) was calculated using the data of the Beijing Capital-Area Telemetered Digital Seismograph Network from June 12 to September 12, 2005. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used to characterize the quality of NCF at each station pair. The SNR (in dB) is shown to be dependent on the separation distance <i<R</i< of the station pair via SNR = <i<A ?B</i<log<i<R</i<. 'Normalized average SNR' for all the station pairs can then be calculated, as represented by the value of SNR taking <i<R</i< = 250 km in the empirical SNR-<i<R</i< relation, to measure the overall quality of the NCF result. The 'normalized average SNR' of the NCF shows temporal variation and is apparently dependent on the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity of the microseism. The result obtained by this experiment provides clues to the explanation of the properties of NCF, such as the dominant mechanism underlying (diffuse wave fields or uncorrelated sources), and the dependence of SNR on the time length of recordings.     

前兆管理系统数据库冷备份及恢复方法实现

前兆管理系统数据库备份是保证前兆台网正常运行一项重要内容,本文详细介绍前兆Oracle数据库的冷备份方法,备份包的保存方式,移动硬盘的加载,备份脚本的功能及使用方法。     

Migration of induced-infiltration stream water into nearby aquifer due to a transverse horizontal well in loess areas

Analysis of the migration paths of stream water introduced into a transverse horizontal well is important to better understand the interactions between streams and aquifers. This paper presents a method of using particle-tracking techniques to evaluate the transport of stream water that infiltrates through a transverse horizontal well that runs transverse to a stream and extends from the stream banks. By conceptualizing the horizontal well as a discrete pipe network, MODFLOW is coupled with the pipe flow equations that govern the movement of water in the horizontal well, and this coupled seepage-pipe flow model is used to calculate the transient groundwater flow field. MODPATH is then used to record the locations of each of the water particles from the interface between the stream and the aquifer. The path lines, travel times, influence zones and the production of infiltrated stream water are determined to depict the migration process. The results suggest that the infiltrated stream water that originates from different stream transects located upstream and downstream from the horizontal well has different migration characteristics, as does the infiltrated stream water coming from different locations on the same stream transect. Eventually, the pumpage of the horizontal well consists partly of the infiltrated stream water and groundwater inflow from the upstream model boundary. The groundwater enters the horizontal well through the two end segments of the horizontal well, and the infiltrated stream water enters the middle segment of the well. The pumped water is still a mixture of infiltrated stream water and groundwater, even if the pumping lasts for a long period. The hydrochemistry of the infiltrated stream water cannot be simply used to evaluate the hydrochemistry of the water pumped from a transverse horizontal well.     

Experimental study on settling velocity of soil particles in dredged slurry

Studying sedimentation and consolidation of dredged slurry has significant implications to the design of storage yard and subsequent ground improvement. In this study, settling velocity of soil particles in dredged slurry during sedimentation and consolidation processes was investigated using an improved multilayer extraction sampling (MES) method. A series of sedimentation column tests were performed on dredged slurry with three different initial water contents. Distributions of volume of soil particles and density of dredged slurry were first obtained by the MES method, settling velocity of soil particles was then calculated by volume flux function approach. It was found that the density and velocity inflection points can be used to distinguish the settling zone and the consolidation zone. The experimental results reveal that the velocity of soil particles was quite low and monotonically decreased with sedimentation height at low initial water content throughout the whole test period, whereas it was increased at 0–1 hours and almost remained constant at 1–7 hours in the settling zone at high initial water content. The effects of initial water content on sedimentation and consolidation mode of dredged slurry and the settling velocity of soil particles were discussed. The relationship between settling velocity of soil particles and particle diameter was also studied. It is indicated that the measured velocity of soil particles was much lower than that calculated by the Stokes equation, and it was related to 0.4881–0.5906 order of particle diameter at 0–1 hours and 0.1117–0.1825 order of particle diameter at 1–7 hours for the test slurries.     

磴口县景观格局演变特征及生态网络构建

城市生态基础设施是城市可持续发展的基础,西部干旱区生态脆弱性大,县域尺度的生态基础设施网络是保证干旱区城市稳定与发展的重要保障。在快速城市化的背景下,选择西部典型生态脆弱区磴口县为研究区,运用景观格局指数、景观转移网络及核密度分析等方法,分析景观格局演变,在此基础上确定生态源地并分级,基于Cost Path模型提取生态廊道与生态节点,构建城市化背景下基于景观格局演变的磴口县生态基础设施网络。结果表明：2014年磴口县域景观破碎化程度高,景观生态流流动性差,城市与建设用地、荒漠灌木林地、耕地、沙漠之间的转移情况决定了磴口县整体景观变化的特征,2001-2014年共存在28种景观转移关系;基于Cost Path模型构建的县域尺度生态基础设施优化网络共包含391块生态源地、47 466条生态廊道和799个生态节点。针对干旱区构建的县域尺度的城区防护型生态网络,能够为磴口县城市化发展提供重要保障,对干旱区城市生态规划具有重要的参考价值。