Late Pleistocene and Holocene extreme hydrological event records from slackwater flood deposits of the Ankang east reach in the upper Hanjiang River valley,China

This paper reports an investigation into palaeoflooding along the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River valley, China. Based on the sedimentary evidence of the palaeohydrological regime, two bedsets of palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs) were identified interbedded within the Holocene loess–soil sequence along the riverbanks of the Ankang east reach. Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and stratigraphical correlation with previously dated sites were used to reconstruct the chronology of the palaeoflood events. The results show that the palaeoflood events represented by SWD1 occurred between 13 000 and 12 400 a, coincident with the climatic transition from the Bølling–Allerød (BL+AL) stage to the Younger Dryas (YD) event. The palaeoflood events recorded by SWD2 were dated to 1000–800 a, corresponding to the later stages of the North Song Dynasty (AD 960–1127) and the subsequent South Song Dynasty (AD 1127–1279), which was a time of climatic decline according to historical documents. Palaeoflood discharges were estimated using the step‐backwater method, and the peak discharges were estimated to be in the range 35 200–47 400 m³ s^?1. These results are of significance to our understanding of the regional hydrological response to global climatic change, the utilization of water resources, hydraulic engineering, flood control and disaster reduction.     

Isotope hydrograph separation in alpine catchments: a review

Isotope hydrograph separation (IHS) is a basic tool in applied hydrology. Its application has expanded to surface water and groundwater interaction, and eco-hydrological processes from runoff generation processes. This paper reviews the progress made in IHS for alpine catchments, with emphasis on its significance in reflecting the impact of global change on water resources. Also, the principle of IHS and its uncertainties are explained in detail. The mechanism of variation of stable isotopes in snow-melt water is discussed, and then methods are presented to improve the separation during snow-melt such as volume weighted average method (VWA), current melt-water method (CMW) and runoff-corrected event water approach (RunCE), with their advantages and disadvantages explained. New approaches may extend the applications of IHS, for example, large basin studies combined with GIS, and develop new theories of runoff generation combined with other parameters such as deuterium excess and DOC     

1961—2014年江苏省降水集中度的非均匀性特征

基于江苏省66个站点逐日降水观测资料,利用降水集中度指数PCD和Q,分析了1961—2014年江苏省降水集中度的非均匀性特征。结果表明：1） 江苏省降水集中度指数PCD和Q的历年平均值分别为0416和0353,PCD年际变化较大,多年呈减小的趋势,而Q的年际变化较小,呈增大趋势,但PCD和Q的多年变化趋势均较小。2） 全省从北部到南部降水集中程度逐渐减小,即江苏省北部地区降水比南部地区集中,但前者的降水集中时段较后者略晚。3） 多水年的降水集中度指数PCD比少水年大,即多水年降水比少水年更集中,而Q值在多水年和少水年差别不大,甚至少水年降水更集中。4） 降水集中度指数PCD和Q在多水年和少水年的空间分布均呈现“北高南低”特征,无论多水年还是少水年,江苏省北部地区降水均比南部更为集中。     

Sequestration of metals through association with pyrite in subtidal sediments of the Nanpaishui Estuary on the Western Bank of the Bohai Sea, China

Measurements were made of the degree of trace metal pyritization (DTMP) and ancillary characteristics of four undisturbed sediment cores collected from the subtidal zone of the Nanpaishui Estuary on the Western Bank of the Bohai Sea, a seriously polluted inland sea in northeastern China. The remarkably low concentrations of organic carbon (<0.72%) in these sediments likely constrained sulfate reduction rates, and the low concentrations of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) (<12.5 μmol g⁻¹) limited the sequestration of metals through association with pyrite. The most consistent cause of inter-station differences and depth variations in the degree of pyritization was differences in pyrite metal concentrations rather than reactive metal concentrations. Reactive metal concentrations were in several cases negatively correlated with pore water concentrations, consistent with a dissolution/precipitation mechanism. The relationship between pore water metal concentrations and DTMPs was evidenced by a qualitative similarity of the inter-station variability of these same parameters.     

Early Cretaceous volcanism in the northern Songliao Basin,NE China,and its geodynamic implication

The Songliao Basin is characterized by episodic rifting and intense volcanism during its early development, and forms a key concealed part of the Late Mesozoic magmatic province of NE China. Few precise geochronological and geochemical data were previously available for the volcanic elements of this basin, restricting understanding of its geodynamic setting and evolution. We present new SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages and geochemical data for the volcanic rocks from the northern Songliao Basin, which limit this volcanism to the Early Cretaceous period (115–109 Ma). Although dominated by rhyolite, the rocks cover a wide compositional spectrum encompassing trachyandesite, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyte and dacite. This suite exhibits a range of geochemical signatures characteristic of subduction-related genesis, falling into a high-K calc-alkaline series, with enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), and weak depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The suite also shares a common isotopic composition, consistent with derivation from partial melting of a single depleted mantle source. This Early Cretaceous volcanism occurred in an extensional back-arc setting associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate, large scale upwelling of the asthenosphere, and intensive lithospheric thinning of the eastern continental margin of NE China which may have lasted until ca. 109 Ma.     

Estimating groundwater recharge following land-use change using chloride mass balance of soil profiles: a case study at Guyuan and Xifeng in the Loess Plateau of China

Groundwater recharge is affected by land use in (semi)arid areas. A new application of the chloride-mass-balance approach has been developed to estimate the reduction in groundwater recharge following land-use change by comparing chloride concentrations below the root zone and above the base of the chloride accumulation zone, before and after the land-use conversion. Two sites in the Loess Plateau of central China have been selected for study. Results from the Guyuan terrace region show that groundwater recharge beneath natural sparse small-grass was 100?mm/year, but the conversion to winter wheat about 100?years ago has reduced groundwater recharge to 55?mm/year. At the Xifeng Loess Plain the conversion from winter wheat, with groundwater recharge at 33?mm/year, to apple orchard 7?years ago has led to chloride accumulation to 5?m below land surface, suggesting the recharge rate has been reduced. This is in agreement with previous studies in these areas which have shown that the regional afforestation and other land-use conversions have resulted in deep soil desiccation and have caused an upper boundary to form with low matrix potential, thus preventing the soil moisture from actually recharging the aquifer.     

陆相断陷盆地相控油气特征及其基本模式

地质相是沉积地层内沉积物(岩)形成条件的物质表现,由宏观到微观分为4个层次,即构造相、沉积相、岩石相和岩石物理相.不同层次地质相的控油气作用具有不同形式的表现.研究表明,陆相断陷盆地内不同的构造单元、不同的沉积相控制着不同类型油气藏的形成与分布;不同的构造单元和不同的沉积相的储油气层的临界孔隙度和渗透率随埋藏深度增大而...     

Periodic exposure to ambient solar irradiance benefits the growth of juvenile seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis

In our trials, from 2007 to 2008, of mass production of seedlings of Hizikia fusiformis using synchronization techniques, problems of a "dark thalli" phenomenon and epiphytes contamination severely threatened the health of juvenile seedlings. In this investigation, we optimized conditions for improving the growth of juvenile seedlings. Seven string collectors were seeded with zygotes and a series of experiments were conducted including direct exposure to solar irradiance, co-culture with Ulva spp. and treatment with sodium hypochlorite. It was found that direct exposure to solar irradiance (maximum: 1 740 μmol photons/(m2?s)) for 2 h per day could efficiently enhance the growth of young seedlings and simultaneously inhibit the growth of epiphytic algae. In this treatment, 50-day old seedlings could reach an average of 0.44 cm in length and possess up to nine leaflets. However, a single treatment with 18-mmol/L sodium hypochlorite for 10 min severely harmed 15-day old seedlings. In comparison, weekly treatment with 2.2-mmol/L sodium hypochlorite for 10 min brought no apparent harm to seedlings and eliminated epiphytic algae efficiently. However, this treatment significantly increased the detachment rate of seedlings. Inoculating Ulva spp. onto the collector caused a dramatic decrease in the number of seedlings. However, the growth of the remaining seedlings appeared unhampered. All collectors except the control were daily sprayed with a high pressure water jet from the 8th day post fertilization. From the first day to 50th day, no "dark thallus" was observed on any of the seven collectors. We believe that well-timed daily exposure to solar irradiance would favor H. fusiformis in its early growing stages.     

CT在肝癌LP－TAE术后的应用价值（附30例）

作者对３０例原发性肝癌ＬＰ－ＴＡＥ治疗前后有ＣＴ检查的病例进行分析，讨论了碘油选择性沉积在肿瘤内的机理．ＬＰ－ＴＡＥ术后肿瘤区域四种成份的ＣＴ表现．碘油在肿瘤内的三种分布类型及其意义。重点讨论了肝癌ＬＰ－ＴＡＥ术后ＣＴ检查，可以从以下几方面对疗效观察提供帮助，即肿瘤大小变化、碘油聚积量及分布情况、肿瘤区密度变化、子结节的发现和治疗效果、术后并发症的发现等．     

平安驿井下地温的震例分析

本文介绍了平安驿井下地温的概况，总结分析了１９９４年共和几次中强地震和１９９５年７月甘肃永登地震震前该测点的前兆特征并通过震例分析归纳出短临异常特征及映震指标。