Fluvial process of the Huanghe River estuary

Influence of the evolution of the Huanghe River estuary, especially that of four large avulsions in recent years 1953, 1960, 1964 and 1976 on the lower reach was discussed. From this some measures for solving the problem of sedimentation at river mouth were proposed. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 13 (3): 218–224, 1982. The main ideas of the first three parts of this article were included in the report delivered at the International Symposium on River Sedimentation held in Beijing, March 24–29, 1980.     

2004-08-04汉中市汉台区突发性暴雨分析

本文对2003年3月14日大雪到暴雪天气过程从高空形势,影响系统,物理量场等因素进行了综合分析,提出了高空500hPa有利于初春产生大雪到暴雪天气的环流背景,700hPa西南急流对此暴雪天气的影响以及物理量场的诊断分析。     

水库地震非线性共振现象的突变模型研究

水库地震是一种复杂的地质运动。许多研究者认为水库地震是在水岩和渗压共同作用下诱发的，本文作者认为这还不能充分解释高震级、高频度的水库地震活动。通过研究发现在水库地震的发生过程中存在非线性共振现象，它和高震级的水库地震的发生有直接关系。本文从尖点突变模型出发解释非线性共振现象的本质，并据此进一步研究水库诱发地震的机理。     

Discussion on Petroleum Migration in Bamianhe Oilfield of Dongying Depression, East China

Petroleum migration process of Bamianhe oilfield of Dongying depression, East China is evaluated on the basis of our detailed work on geochemistry of the crude oil and the source. Molecular tracers, especially nitrogen compounds, are employed in assessing style of oil migration and accumulation. Additionally, absolute quantitative results of heteroaromatics including dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and fluorene with similar basic frames to pyrrolic nitrogenic compounds are also used to evaluate the quantity of petroleum migration. According to apparent migration effects of the pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, it is indicated that most of Bamianhe oil was derived from potential source kitchen-Niu-zhuang sag, migrated and accumulated at Bamianhe fault belt through selective paths according to a main filling point displayed. Generally, upward migration trend from the main point along the south slope is noted. There are observable migration effects from Guangli subsag to the north Bamianhe and Yangjiaogou oilfields showing Guangli subsag was a secondary kitchen accounting for the oils in the north portion. Significant vertical migration effects shown in several cross sections demonstrate that faults well developed in the area play an important role in oil migration and accumulation. Unformality, sandstone reservoirs distributed locally also suggest important fairways in connecting sources with traps. The tectonic and a combination of tectonic and lithological mechanism are identified as the critical mechanisms in entrapping hydrocarbons. Migration trend suggested by nitrogenic compounds agrees well with analysis of lateral compositional variety and thermal maturity gradient. This study also confirms well with our previous studies. It is the location of source rocks, tectonic and stratigraphic characteristics that have a comprehensive control on the model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Bamianhe oilfield. Results also show that the oils are mostly derived from the deep parts of the Niuzhuang and Guangli sags within normal oil window.     

吐哈盆地水文地球化学分带与铀矿化关系浅析

确立了吐哈盆地水中铀的存在形式，分析了铀在水中的迁移规律和沉淀条件。并运用层间氧化带的成矿机理，阐述了各地球化学分带的水文地球化学特征，引用“饱和指数”把铀在水中的饱和程度给予量化，从而确定了盆地水中铀的沉淀区间。利用γNa＋／γCl─和γCa＋＋／γCl─划分出水文地球化学分带及综合岩石地球化学分带，为寻找层间氧化带型铀矿提供了水文地球化学依据。指出艾丁湖自流水斜地为形成层间氧化带型铀矿的有利地段。     

Quantitative evaluation of coal as source rocks

Gas generated and expelled from coals often results in economic gas accumulations. As a consequence, it is important to consider the theoretical aspects of these processes and to develop methods that can be used to assess coal as a potential source rock. On the basis of results of modeling hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention in coals, two comprehensive indexes are proposed for assessing the quality and the nature of coal as a potential source rock. Theoretical charts of the two indexes are used to assess coals as potential source rocks in the Turpan-Hami Basin in northwestern China.     

湖北鸡冠咀隐伏铜金矿床勘查地球化学概念模型

文章据鸡冠咀铜金矿床的岩石、矿石等介质中元素的分布,阐明了该矿床的地球化学特征,确定了与矿床有关的指示元素和元素的分带序列。应用矿上和矿下元素组累乘比值从上至下的递减规律,建立了异常的评价指标,制定了该矿床勘查地球化学异常的概念模型。     

瓦窑沟剖面记录的早中全新世毛乌素沙地东南缘气候变化

毛乌素沙地位于中国东亚季风边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。区域内分布着大量河湖相沉积地层,忠实记录了全新世以来气候变化状况。选取毛乌素沙地东南缘河湖相沉积地层为主的瓦窑沟剖面（WYG）,在光释光（OSL）和¹⁴C（AMS ¹⁴C）测年基础上,对粒度、色度和有机质环境代用指标进行分析,反演得出毛乌素沙地早中全新世气候经历了3个阶段：约9.8 ka BP前气候干冷,广泛沉积沙层;9.8—9.6 ka BP气候逐渐回暖,为气候干冷转为暖湿的过渡期;9.6—5.2 ka BP气候相对暖湿,发育砂质泥炭层。推测计算得出,剖面地层沉积速率沙层>过渡层>砂质泥炭层,且各地层均存在次一级旋回,曲线旋回周期砂质泥炭层（480 a）>沙层（150 a）>过渡层（130 a）,指示砂质泥炭层沉积速率最慢、形成时期气候相对稳定。研究结果与东亚季风区域古气候记录具有很好的可比性,是对东亚冬夏季风强度变化的全球性响应。     

Spatiotemporal changes of land desertification sensitivity in northwest China from 2000 to 2017

Sensitivity assessment is useful for monitoring land desertification.Research into how to prevent and control desertification is also important.In the arid region of northwest China,desertification is becoming worse and is a serious problem that affects local sustain-able development.Based on remote-sensing and geographic information system technology,this study establishes a"soil-terrain-hydrology-climate-vegetation"desertification sensitivity comprehensive evaluation system to reflect the spatiotemporal changes of land desertifica-tion,and proposes a spatial distance model to calculate a desertification sensitivity index.The spatiotemporal change characteristics of land desertification sensitivity in northwest China are quantitatively assessed from 2000 to 2017.Moreover,the main driving factors are ana-lyzed using the geographical detector method.The results show the following.(1)Terrain,soil,climate,vegetation and hydrology affect and restrict each other,and constitute the back-ground conditions of the distributions and changes of sensitivity to desertification in northwest China.(2)Desertification sensitivity generally displays a low distribution characteristic on the periphery of the area and a high one in the interior.The low-sensitivity regions are mainly in the five major mountain ranges(Altai Mountains,Tianshan Mountains,Kunlun Mountains,Altun Mountains and Qilian Mountains),while the high-sensitivity regions are mainly in re-gions such as the Junggar Basin,the Tarim Basin and the Inner Mongolia Plateau,as well as the Taklimakan Desert,Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert.The spatial distribution of desertification sensitivity is obviously regional,and the high-and low-sensitivity regions have clear boundaries and a concentrated distribution.(3)With regard to spatiotemporal evolution,changes in desertification sensitivity since 2000 have been predominantly stable,and the overall sensitivity has displayed a slowly decreasing trend,indicating that potential desertifi-cation regions are decreasing annually and that some achievements have been made in the control of regional desertification. (4) Soil and climate play a direct role in the driving factors of desertification in northwest China, and these have been found to be the most important in-fluential factors. Vegetation is the most active and basic factor in changing the sensitivity. In addition, topography and hydrology play a role in restricting desertification changes. So-cio-economic factors are the most rapid factors affecting regional desertification sensitivity,and their impacts tend to be gradually increasing. In general, desertification has been effec-tively controlled in northwest China, and positive results have been achieved in such control.However, against the backdrop of intensified global climate change, increasingly prominent human activities and new normals of socio-economic development, the monitoring, assess-ment and control of desertification in China still have a long way to go.     

Late Oligocene sedimentary environments and provenance abrupt change event in the northern South China Sea

A significant change in composition was recorded in late Oligocene sediments from the northern South China Sea. This abrupt event coincided with the seafloor spreading axis jump across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, leading to sedimentation breaks and slumps as well as obvious changes in sediment geochemical composition, and representing the greatest tectonic activity in the South China Sea region since the Oligocene. Through this tectonic event, the sedimentary environment in the Baiyun sag area transformed from a continental shelf in the late Oligocene to a continental slope since the early Miocene, the provenance of the sediments changed from neighboring areas to the hinterland of the South China block, and the sea level rose since the early Miocene in the area. Therefore, this abrupt change event has a profound influence on the evolution of petroleum offshore in the northern South China Sea. __________ Translated from Geology in China, 2007, 34(6): 1022–1031 [译自: 中国地质]