广西德保县通怀锰矿地质灾害危险性评价及防治对策研究

德保县通怀锰矿矿山建设开采可能引发的地质灾害有崩塌、滑坡地质灾害,危险性小-中等;地下平硐采矿引发采空区地面塌陷,并引发地面崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝产生的可能性大,危险性中-大等;地下平硐采矿,遭受井巷冒顶及井壁片邦,危险性中等;03线以西生活区遭受采空区地面塌陷地质灾害,危险性大.在基本查明矿山可能引发、加剧和遭受的地质灾...     

河北省石家庄地区晚更新世晚期古菱齿象-披毛犀动物群及其古气候

河北省石家庄市郊区地下7～24m的古滹沱河沉积物中产出丰富的大型哺乳类化石:诺氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon naumanni)、原始牛(Bos primigenius)、杨氏水牛(Bubalus youngi)、披毛犀(Coelodonta antiquitatis)、鹿(Cervus sp.)、四不像鹿(E...     

河北省中南部农田孢粉组合特征

The study on 82 surface soil pollen samples from different types of cultivated vegetations in central and southern parts of Hebei Province indicates that the pollen assemblages from farmlands in the plain have not only their own plant types, but also the pollen components from the nearby mountains. Arboreal pollen percentages and concentrations (dominated by Pinus) from farmlands in mountain area are higher than those in the plain, and it reduces gradually with the increasing distance away from the mountains. Taking Pinus pollen in Taihang Mountains as an example, its content is 20%-30%, 10%-20%, 20%-30% and below 16% respectively for the samples from the area of 0-50, 50-100, 100-150 and more than 150 km away from the east Taihang Mountains. The increase of Pinus pollen proportion in the central plain is probably related to the fohn effect. The spatial variation of AP from mountains to the plain in Hebei Province may be similar to the forests clearance by human activities in the early historical period. Shrubby pollen proportion is small both in mountains and in the plain, but their major components are different. Elaeagnaceae, Corylus, Ostryopsis and Oleaceae are common in mountain areas, while there are relatively high contents of Rosaceae and Vitaceae in the plain. Herbs content in the plain (about 60%) is 15% higher than that in mountains, among which the Cereals and Cruciferae pollen percentages are 5% and 2% higher respectively. Artemisia pollen percentage in the plain is lower than that in mountains. Since the human activities are weaker in mountains compared with that in the plain, the general trend is that Chenopodiaceae pollen increases from mountains to the plain gradually, reflecting the raising intensity of human activities. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis in mountains are higher than that in the plain, but it still reaches to about 7% in the plain. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis are not prone to be spread by wind, indicating that those in the surface soil of the plain may be carried by river water from mountains during the deposition of the plain.     

岩溶热储井间连通性的示踪研究

岩溶热储储层的不均匀性强,采灌井之间的连通性不易确定。示踪技术可以将运移参数量化,有效刻画储层流体的特征,研究回灌井和开采井之间的水力联系,包括导水通道,流体流速等信息,对长期回灌可能引起的开采井的冷却进行预测,是岩溶热储井间连通性研究十分有效的技术。本文以华北牛驼镇地热田雄县地区为例,针对蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储,采用荧光素钠示踪剂,进行了1口井注入,10口井观测的群井示踪试验。采用裂隙介质溶质运移模型,对示踪试验数据进行了解释,得到优势通道的长度、渗透流速、纵向弥散度、回收率等储层性质,获得了试验区内采灌井之间的连通特征。对调整采灌井布局提出了建议。     

崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩地质地球化学特征

崤山地区原“太华群”由１５％的变质表壳岩和８５％的变质花岗岩组成。变质花岗岩的主要岩石类型有：石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩。通过对变质花岗岩的地质、地球化学研究表明，崤山地区太古代变质花岗岩与国内外其他地区的ＴＴＧ岩系类似。根据野外接触关系和一组锆石Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ蒸发年龄（２４５１Ｍａ），确定其成岩时代为太古代。     

UPWELLING AND SEDIMENTATION DYNAMICS Ⅲ：COINCIDENCE OF UPWELLING AREAS WITH MUD PATCHES IN NORTH HEMISPHERE SHELF SEAS

The determinant role of upwelling in fine sediment patches is examined from the view-points of physical process and biological process respectively. It is pointed out that physical and biologicalprocesses are usually coexistent and interact with each other during the sedimentation of suspended mat-ters. This study used available figures showing the circulation pattern and surface sediment distribution inthe whole China Seas, the Gulf of Maine, the Irish Sea and the North Sea, and additional data to verifythat wherever upwelling exists on the continental shelf, mud must occur; and that wherever dowrtwellingoccurs, coarse sediment substitutes for mud.     

Passive Surface-Wave Waveform Inversion for Source-Velocity Joint Imaging

Surveys in Geophysics - Reliable dispersion measurement between two seismic stations is an essential basis of surface wave imaging. Noise source directivity has become an inescapable obstacle and a...     

Mineralogical characteristics of continental shale: a case study in Yan-Chang Formation,Ordos Basin

The Chang 7 Member of the Yan-Chang Formation (Yan-Chang #7 Member), which is located in the central south of the Ordos Basin (China), is assessed for its potential as a shale gas resource. The characteristics and spatial variability of mineral components in this continental shale formation play a crucial role in evaluating and characterising the shale reservoirs. We collected 64 shale core samples from 30 representative sampling sites located in the central south of the Ordos Basin using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy to study the mineral compositions, vertical/planar variations of minerals, and the major controlling factors that result in such variations. Based on the relative fractions of the dominant minerals, the shale rocks can be classified into four categories: quartz-rich (type #1), illite/chlorite-rich (type #2), illite–smectite mixed-layer-rich (type #3) and feldspar-rich (type #4). In general, type #1 is mainly located in the northwest of the study area, type #4 is mainly located in the south of the study area, and types #2 and #3 are sandwiched between types #1 and #4. In the centre of the basin, the illite content increases with burial depth and the conversion from smectite to illite, which is experimentally confirmed in this study, enhances the surface porosity of shale. The major factors influencing the properties and spatial variability of the mineral components include sedimentary environment, provenance and diagenesis. Compared with marine shales in China (e.g. Longmaxi marine shales), the Yan-Chang #7 Member continental shale has a higher clay content, but lower calcite, dolomite and pyrite contents. The brittleness indexes of type #1 shale in Wuqi and its surrounding areas are marginally higher than that of Longmaxi marine shales, which makes the type #1 shale in the Wuqi and its surrounding areas slightly easier to fracture than the Longmaxi marine shales.     

全烃曲线在判别煤层气井煤厚中的应用

在煤层气勘探中,煤心数据是评价煤层气潜力的重要指标,因此,在煤层气录井中,卡准煤层位置、计算煤层厚度是煤层气测井工作中的一项基础工作。有研究表明,在地质条件复杂及钻井困难的环境下,全烃曲线对煤层的识别具有较高的准确性。以山西王坡V1井640~645m井段煤层判识为例,其全烃解释厚度为3.8m,与测井解释的4.0m相差0.2,与地质解释的3.7m相差0.1m,与全烃曲线校正前4.6m的解释结果比较,校正后的全烃曲线解释成果比较可靠。     

基于微钻试验金刚石钻头钻进速度的研究

利用结构相同、胎体配方与金刚石参数不同的孕镶金刚石钻头对花岗岩进行微钻试验获得的数据,并对数据进行了分析;基于孕镶金刚石钻头破碎岩石机理,根据单粒金刚石与岩石相互作用的力学模型,结合钻头结构、岩石性质和回转速度,推导出钻头钻速的理论模型,经验证,钻速理论计算值与实测值具有较好的吻合度;分析得出增加钻头唇面与岩石之间的摩擦系数,利于提高在坚硬岩石钻进中的钻进效率。