高校实验室建设在教学和科研中的地位和作用

高校实验室是学科建设,科学研究和人才培养的重要基地,也是对学生进行综合素质教育的重要课堂,反映了高校的教学、科研和管理水平     

全球石油系统概貌

在石油地质学中 ,罕见全球石油系统的论述。最早有翁文波阐述了全球石油体系 ,我们在其中注入了陆核和大陆增生的概念 ,引进中新生代以来全球板块演化的资料 ,特别应用了现今全球构造体系的最新成果 ,把全球石油系统概括地看成横向 4个带和纵向 6个带交织的格局 :横向 :北方大陆北带、北方大陆南带、北 /南方大陆中间带和南方大陆带 ;纵向 :则根据大陆中轴构造带把北方大陆分成A ,B ,C ,D ,E ,F 6个带 ;而中间带和南方带则与北方带基本对应。     

Holocene dust accumulation and the formation of polycyclic cinnamon soils (luvisols) in the Chinese Loess Plateau

Chinese loess–palaeosol sequences are well known for their records of monsoonal climatic variations. However, the modern processes of dust accumulation and soil formation remain poorly understood. A high‐resolution investigation on modern soils, including the measurement of magnetic susceptibility, particle‐size distribution, total Fe, total organic carbon, CaCO₃ content, and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was carried out on the Zhouyuan loess tableland in the southern Loess Plateau. The results indicate that modern cinnamon soils (luvisols) have developed on contemporarily accumulated aeolian dust during the Holocene. The aeolian loess accumulated during the Younger Dryas was identi?ed in the top part of the Malan Loess that underlay the modern soil by OSL dating and proxy climatic data. It indicates that the Malan Loess accumulated during the last glaciation (marine isotope stages 2–4) does not serve as the parent material for the modern soils. Pedogenesis of the soils started with the increased precipitation and soil moisture that have occurred on the loess tableland since the early Holocene. Precipitation‐driven pedogenesis and organic activities are responsible for the leaching of CaCO₃, decomposition of mineral dust and the production of clay and ferromagnetic minerals. Drier intervals have interrupted soil formation several times, and therefore pro?les with multiple soils have been developed at many sites on the loess tableland. At places where soil erosion was relatively strong, either a single soil or welded soils are preserved in the Holocene pro?les. This does not necessarily mean, however, that modern soils over the plateau have been developed without interruption under a constantly warmer, moister climate. This is signi?cant for understanding the surface processes and climatic variation during the formation of the numerous palaeosols over the Loess Plateau in the Quaternary. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Climatic Aridity and the Relocations of the Zhou Culture in the Southern Loess Plateau of China

Several Holocene loess-soil profiles at the archaeological sites of the political center, and later, the capital cities of the predynastic Zhou and Western Zhou Dynasty (ca. 1400–771 B.C.) inthe southern Loess Plateau were studied multi-disciplinarily. It provides insights into monsoonal climatic change and the relocations of the Zhou culture in this climatically sensitive semiarid zone. Both the analytical data and written records indicate that increased climatic aridity at 1150 B.C. induced a considerable environmental deterioration and degradation of natural resources, especially water shortages, decreases in precipitation and deficits in soil moisture. These resulted in poor harvest and great famines, plagues, domestic upheavals, population migrations, and even conflicts between Zhou people who subsisted on dry farming and nomadic tribes on the northern steppe during the development of the Zhou culture. It seems that persistent droughts forced Zhou people to move from the upland plateau to the lowland riverbanks step by step through relocations, following a direction of increasing climatic humidity, soil moisture, water availability and biodiversity. The southward migration of the nomads on the steppe of the northern Loess Plateau and the Mongolia Plateau in response to the climatic aridity was another dynamic force that caused the relocations of the Zhou culture.     

陕北富县黄土塬地区二维直测线地震资料处理实例

陕北富县地区以前的地震勘探沿沟布设弯曲测 线,平面展布呈不规则树枝状,难以形成闭合回 路,很难对二维地震资料在平面上进行储层反 演。2001年在陕北富县探区进行野外采集方法和 地震处理技术攻关,通过采用极其灵活的可变线 元观测系统实现直测线过塬,使测线成网连片; 资料处理中采用基于模型反演的折射波静校正、 地表一致性振幅补偿和反褶积、叠前噪音衰减等 技术,为后续的储层预测、低幅度构造解释和综 合地质研究提供了高保真的地震资料;由于测线 的连片成网,通过伪测井的方法对无井测线进行 控制,最终实现储层反演的连片解释。     

极谱法在超痕量元素分析中的应用

作者根据近几年来某些刊物发表的有关文献,综述了极谱法测定痕量元素的底液组成、峰电位、底液中测定含量范围或检测限、分析对象和分离方法等。     

主分量变换在油气异常信息提取中的作用

本文介绍了机载细分红外图像增强油气信息的计算机图像处理方法和主分量变换对提取油气信息的作用以及处理后的结果。     

Origin of the high waxy oils in Bohai Bay Basin, east China: Insight from geochemical and fluid inclusion analyses

An integrated approach of molecular sieve, molecular composition of fluid inclusion and compound specific isotope analysis was employed to investigate newly discovered oils reservoired in an Ordovician buried hill in the Dongying Depression of Bohai Bay Basin. The new discovered oils are characterized by high content of waxy alkanes (> 40%) with an extremely low concentration of cyclic biomarkers. The alkanes-removed waxy oil and the fluid inclusion oils correlate well with the source rocks of the Paleogene Kongdian Fm (Ek₂). The δ¹³C values of the compound-specific isotope of the alkanes indicate that Ek₂ is the primary source for the oils. This study demonstrates the existence of a new set of deeper source rocks with good oil-generation potential in the Dongying Depression.     

Natural gas sources, migration and accumulation in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift: An insight into the deep water prospects of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea

Although no drilling has been carried out in the deep water area of the Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, the successful exploration for natural gas in the shallow water area of the Panyu lower uplift allows an insight into the prospectivity of the adjacent deep water fan system of the Baiyun sag. The Paleogene gas kitchen in the Baiyun sag provided both oil-derived gas and coal-derived gas. Fluid inclusion measurements and 2D numeric modelling of formation pressure indicate four episodes of hydrocarbon charge since the third release of the overpressure system. Seismic wipeout zones manifest several types of gas chimney which could play a role in vertical migration conduits to feed the natural gases into the deep water fan system. There would be, therefore, a low risk for hydrocarbon exploration in the deep water fan system.     

Application of quantitative grain fluorescence techniques to study subtle oil migration pathway of lithological reservoir

This paper analyzes the quantitative grain fluorescence (QGF) and quantitative grain fluorescence on extract (QGF-E) properties of 101 rock samples by using quantitative grain fluorescence techniques. The samples are collected from five wells in tight sandstone and thin siltstone in the third sector of the Shahejie Formation in the Niuzhuang sag of the Dongying depression. It was observed that both the tight sandstone and thin siltstone show relatively high fluorescence intensity of hydrocarbon, which suggests that they are possibly good subtle oil-migration pathways in the present or geological time. These thin subtle oil-migration pathways afford important clues for the researches on hydrocarbon accumulation in lithological reservoirs in the middle and lower of Es ₃ in deep sag zone, which has the hydrocarbon source from the upper of Es ₄ when there is no apparent fault playing oil migration conduits to connect lithologic traps and deep source rocks. This study shows good prospect of QGF techniques in discriminating oil migration pathways and paleo-oil zones. The results of this study may be of great significance to the researches on hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of subtle reservoirs in the Dongying depression and other areas. __________ Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(2): 250–254 [译自: 地质学报]