秦岭─黄淮平原交界带气候边际效应初探*

本文基于地理学和生态学中边际效应的观点,论述山地与平原两大系统在一定条件下相互作用,形成一些既不同于山地又异于平原的特殊气候现象──气候边际效应。分析指出,气候边际效应在秦岭-黄淮平原交界带中主要表现为坡地暖带、强降水效应和干旱效应,并对这三种气候边际效应的特征及成因进行了探讨。     

组合逻辑自动综合的超前试探法

自动逻辑综合是复杂组合电路设计中必须面对的问题之一。本文采用超前试探策略，在改进的Ｑ－Ｍ法基础上，提出了一个新的组合自动综合的新算法，该算法提高了运算速度，有较强的实用价值     

Robust estimation and optimal selection of polynomial parameters for the interpolation of GPS geoid heights

The polynomial interpolation of least squares and interpolation moving least squares based on control stations with known GPS (global positioning system) ellipsoidal heights and levelling orthometric heights are the most often used methods for the interpolation of the geoid heights. But in their applications there occur two problems: one lies in selecting the suitable polynomial parameters; the other in reducing the influences of some possibly abnormal data points. To solve both of the problems, without emphasizing a sound theoretical basis, a heuristic solution with the help of robust estimation technique and optimization criteria for the regression equation is presented. Through two actual numerical examples it is shown that the new solution concept is efficient and can be realized easily on computers. Received: 23 May 1996 / Accepted: 27 March 1997     

Early hydrocarbon generation of biological lipids in non-marine lacustrine basins—a genetic mechanism of immature oil

Taking both eastern Linqing Depression and North Jiangsu Basin as examples, based on geochemical features of immature oils as well as source inputs of hydrocarbons and macerals, it is revealed that a mixed source input of alga bio-lipids and higher plant waxes is a basic characteristic of source material for immature oils in non-marine brackish-saline lacustrine basins. Project supported by the “85–102” Chinese National Key Science and Technology Project and the National Gas Geochemistry Key Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

大中地形对近地面层流场影响的数值模拟

本文对Mass,C.F.等的一层边界层原始方程诊断模式进行了适当修改,用于诊断大、中尺度地形对近地面风场的动力影响。结果表明:(1)它可用来诊断地形对地面气流的动力影响,具有计算量小和一定的模拟能力;(2)1月地面在高原东北侧陕甘宁地区形成反气旋环流中心和从高原北部35°N经高原东部边缘到高原东南角附近地面形成风向辐合线,可能主要受高原的动力影响所致。(3)由于祁连山对1月西风气流的影响,在它的附近形成中尺度气候系统。这些情况与资料分析结果比较一致。     

利用Nimbus-7行星反射率观测资料估算青藏高原地区的总辐射

本文利用1982年8月—1983年7月期间Nimbus-7行星反射率的月平均资料用“物理模式方法(Raschke and Preuss,1979)”估算了青藏高原及其邻近地区月平均地面总辐射的分布。得到的结果较好地反映了纬度、海拔与云量三个主要因子对总辐射分布的支配作用。根据高原及其邻近地区23个测站的资料,对总辐射的计算值与观测值进行了比较。统计分析表明,相关系数f=0.90,标准误差RMS=27w/m~2,平均绝对误差ABS=21w/m~2(相当于有效平均总辐射的11.7％)。文中还对误差来源和敏感性问题进行了讨论。     

The transition of a multi-dimensional lorenz system

A multi-dimensional Lorenz system, which includes thirty-three amplitude equations describing time evolu-tion of convection, is derived from two-dimensional Boussinesq equations by using the Galerkin method. Its transition is studied by numerical solution. It is found that, with Rayleigh number increasing from zero to one hundred, five different types of motion appear one after another as follows: stationary motion, periodic motion, quasiperiodic motion with two-fundamental frequencies, quasi-periodic motion with three fundamental frequencies, and chaotic motion. By comparing with the Lorenz model and Curry's fourteen-dimensional model, it is shown that as retained modes increase, the critical values of transition become larger and the types of bi-furcation change. The results of dynamic behavior happen to be in agreement with the IIIa route of the Gollub and Benson experiments.     

钍-水扬基荧光酮-两性及非离子表面活性剂胶束增溶络合物光度法的研究及其在岩石分析中的应用

本文提出用水扬基荧光酮(SF)和十二烷基二甲基铵基乙酸(DDMAA)及非离子表面活性剂(Triton X-100)测定岩石中钍的灵敏的分光光度法,在ρH=9.4—10的NH_4Ac-NH_4OH介质中,钍生成玫瑰色胶束增溶络合物。此络合物在567nm处具有最大吸收,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.74×10~5,在DDMAA和Triton X-100存在条件下,络合物组成为Th:SF=1:2,钍浓度至少在0—30μg/25ml范围内服从比耳定律。经743大孔强酸型阳离子交换树脂分离后,岩石中一般干扰元素不影响钍的测定。     

安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石的氨基酸生物地球化学

本文从氨基酸生物地球化学的角度,对安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石中的氨基酸进行了探讨,初步获得如下结果:1.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成中,酸性氨基酸含量极高(总量不低于30%);中性氨基酸含量也较大(总量在20%左右);碱性氨基酸含量极低,均在1%以下。 2.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成基本上取决于原生蛋白质的组成模式,但由于成岩作用的影响,使牙釉化石的氨基酸组成和含量与现生哺乳动物牙釉相比,存在较大差别。3.将测得的牙釉化石中的D-别异亮氨酸/L-异亮氨酸比值,以及根据对该地点动物化石研究而估算的平均成岩温度(12.5℃-13℃),代入有关的氨基酸测年公式,求得该猿人遗址的化石年龄为23万年。     

近地面层中湍流热通量和长波辐射通量相互作用的数值研究

本文详细讨论了在稳定层结条件下,近地面层内有各种典型的气象要素分布及下垫面状况时,长波辐射通量与湍流热通量之间的相互关系问题.结果表明:长波辐射通量对近地面层的热力结构有相当大的影响,它常常减弱了常值湍流热通量层的厚度.在弱风和层结稳定度较大的情况下,“常值湍流热通量层”将很薄,有时甚至难以存在.