采灌均衡条件下地热资源潜力评价方法探讨——以雄安新区碳酸盐岩热储为例

回灌是保障地热资源可持续开发利用的关键手段,而采灌均衡条件下地热资源潜力评价方法研究对地热资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义。本文通过引入热突破和考虑回灌条件下单井开采权益保护半径的概念,提出了回灌条件下地热资源可开采量的评价方法,并以雄安新区雾迷山组碳酸盐岩热储层为例,分别计算了未考虑回灌条件和考虑回灌条件下的地热流体可开采量、可开采热量及折合标煤量。结果显示采用开采系数法计算的未考虑回灌条件下的可开采量要远小于考虑回灌条件下的可开采量;考虑回灌条件下三种方法的结果对比为：热突破法＞考虑回灌条件下单井开采权益保护半径(消耗15%)＞考虑回灌条件下单井开采权益保护半径(热储温度下降2℃),考虑地热资源的可持续性以及对热储环境严格保护要求,按照考虑回灌条件下单井开采权益保护半径方法计算的雄安新区雾迷山组热储地热开采量更为适宜。目前全国各地陆续出台相关政策要求实施地热回灌,该方法的提出为科学评价各地回灌条件下的地热可开采量提供了技术支撑。     

云南宁蒗光马山二长斑岩岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄

宁蒗光马山二长斑岩位于扬子陆块西缘、金沙江断裂带小金河断裂与宾川-程海断裂夹持部位。通过对宁蒗光马山二长斑岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得年龄为33.37±0.26Ma(MSWD=1.7,1σ),表明其形成时代为渐新世早期,与盐源-丽江富碱斑岩带主体侵位时代一致。岩石SiO_2含量为61.55%～69.13%,全碱(Na_2O+K_2O)含量为8.85%～10.92%,N/K值为0.88～1.07,A/NK值为1.54～1.84,A/CNK值为1.23～1.72,属过铝质碱性石英二长斑岩。同时富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,高La/Yb值,低Y、Yb和镁值(Mg~#0.5),表明其具有大陆型或钾质C型埃达克岩的特征。该岩石可能形成于区内加厚地壳变泥质岩部分熔融,其起源演化受金沙江-红河走滑断裂系控制,是新生代印度-欧亚板块碰撞后伸展构造背景的产物。     

羌塘地块西部晚三叠世灰岩古地磁研究及其构造意义

青藏高原羌塘地块和拉萨地块汇聚-碰撞拼合过程的研究对认识青藏高原中部隆升历史及其动力学过程具有重要的科学意义,而羌塘地块古地磁研究对理解上述问题至关重要。通过对羌塘地块西部改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的系统古地磁测定,获得其高温剩磁分量。但是这一高温剩磁分量未通过褶皱检验,表明为后期重磁化的结果。研究剖面高温特征剩磁平均方向在地理坐标下为Dg=349.3°,Ig=40.4°,κg=45.4,α95=6.5°,相应的古地磁极为76.4°N,311.1°E,dp/dm=4.7°/7.9°。这一古地磁极与羌塘地块早白垩世约110～100 Ma的古地磁极在古地磁误差范围内重合,表明其重磁化的时代为早白垩世约110～100 Ma。综合分析羌塘地块和拉萨地块古地磁结果,并结合海相地层、蛇绿岩和洋岛等地质证据,显示班公湖-怒江特提斯洋西段闭合的时间发生在早白垩世晚期约110～100Ma。改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的早白垩世晚期重磁化作用与羌塘/拉萨地块西部的碰撞密切相关。     

木薯燃料乙醇的碳效应分析

出于能源安全的考虑及对温室气体减排的关注,世界各国近些年大力发展生物液体燃料,我国政府提倡以木薯等非粮作物为原料生产燃料乙醇。但一直以来科学家们对生物液体燃料的碳效应争论激烈,争论的焦点在于原料种植对土壤碳库的影响及不同技术条件下副产品利用的评估。本文通过建立碳平衡分析模型,将原料种植对土壤碳库影响及副产品利用的替代效应纳入研究体系,评估了我国木薯燃料乙醇生命周期内的碳排放,研究结果显示：我国每生产单位质量（1kg）木薯燃料乙醇,在新旧两种技术条件下的碳排放分别为0.457kg和0.647kg。碳排放主要来自于氮肥的使用、木薯种植对土壤碳库的破坏及木薯燃料乙醇加工转化过程能源投入,在新技术条件下分别占总排放量的9%、29%和50%。以汽油的碳排放为参照,在旧技术条件下我国木薯燃料乙醇碳排放呈现负效益,在新技术条件下其碳排放为汽油的90%,倘若能避免对土壤碳库的破坏,则这一比例将下降到64%。因此,为了促进我国木薯燃料乙醇的发展,首先应该引导农民合理施肥,利用边际土地种植木薯,不转换林地、草地等土地类型的利用方式;此外,要开发高效节能的燃料乙醇转化技术及加强对副产品的二次利用。     

鄱阳湖区2004-2010年水稻种植制度时空变化(英文)

Rice cropping systems not only characterize comprehensive utilization intensity of agricultural resources but also serve as the basis to enhance the provision services of agro-ecosystems.Yet,it is always affected by external factors,like agricultural policies.Since 2004,seven consecutive No.1 Central Documents issued by the Central Government have focused on agricultural development in China.So far,few studies have investigated the ef-fects of these policies on the rice cropping systems.In this study,based upon the long-term field survey information on paddy rice fields,we proposed a method to discriminate the rice cropping systems with Landsat data and quantified the spatial variations of rice cropping systems in the Poyang Lake Region(PLR),China.The results revealed that:(1) from 2004 to 2010,the decrement of paddy rice field was 46.76 km2 due to the land use change.(2) The temporal dynamics of NDVI derived from Landsat historical images could well characterize the temporal development of paddy rice fields.NDVI curves of single cropping rice fields showed one peak,while NDVI curves of double cropping rice fields displayed two peaks an-nually.NDVI of fallow field fluctuated between 0.15 and 0.40.NDVI of the flooded field during the transplanting period was relatively low,about 0.20±0.05,while NDVI during the period of panicle initiation to heading reached the highest level(above 0.80).Then,several temporal windows were determined based upon the NDVI variations of different rice cropping systems.(3) With the spatial pattern of paddy rice field and the NDVI threshold within optimum tem-poral windows,the spatial variation of rice cropping systems was very obvious,with an in-creased multiple cropping index of rice about 20.2% from 2004 to 2010.The result indicates that agricultural policies have greatly enhanced the food provision services in the PLR,China.     

雷电对地磁相对记录干扰机理探究

地磁相对记录中,雷电干扰在全国范围普遍存在,但干扰原理尚未明了,给仪器的日常维护和数据预处理带来困惑.以蒙城地震台2009-2010年两套GM4磁通门磁力仪记录的数据为基础,针对该类干扰现象进行对比分析,并对其形成原理进行探索.     

Summary of Numerical Models for Predicting Productivity of Shale Gas Horizontal Wells

Shale gas production has gradually achieved high and stable output, which makes it possible to make up for the shortage of oil and gas energy as an alternative energy source. Shale reservoir is compact, with well-developed nano-pore, and has the characteristics of adsorption and desorption, diffusion and slippage. At the same time, there are a large number of natural cracks, bedding and foliation. Hydraulic fractures expand irregularly after volume fracturing in horizontal wells. The whole system has multi-field coupling and cross-scale flow effects. Productivity prediction of shale gas is difficult and uncertain, which restricts the efficient development and evaluation of shale reservoirs. In this paper, the development status of productivity numerical models for shale gas horizontal wells is reviewed in consideration of the multi-scale transport characteristics of shale gas. These models include dual media capacity models, multiple media capacity models, and complex seam productivity models. It is considered that the dual medium and multi-media productivity models weaken the large permeable flow area and channel provided by the complex seam network system after shale reservoir lamination, and cannot comprehensively characterize the full-scale coupled transport characteristics of shale gas. The numerical model for productivity prediction of shale gas horizontal wells based on complex fracture network provides a multi-scale flow embedded fracture network system, which solves the problem of systematic flow without losing the ability to accurately characterize each scale flow. It is necessary to obtain the complex fracture network morphological characterization which conforms to reservoir geological characteristics, rock mechanical behavior and fluid-solid coupling mechanism. Fracture network characterization is the key to the productivity prediction of shale gas horizontal wells.     

高速泥浆脉冲传输技术在随钻测井系统的应用研究

中海油服自主研发的Drilog?随钻测井系统由MWD系统、DSM参数仪,以及ACPR电阻率伽马组成,该系统已成功作业上百井次。为提高机械钻速ROP,挂接更多高端成像仪器,中海油服自主研发了HSVP?高速泥浆脉冲遥传系统,包括井下仪器及地面解码系统,经过水循环测试及实钻测试,可实现12 bps实时解码。在油气田勘探开发中,高速泥浆脉冲器可提高井地传输效率,有助于及时调整井眼轨迹,对提高油气田单井产量,提高采收率发挥重要作用。文章介绍了高速泥浆脉冲器在山西页岩气田某井81/2 in井段的使用过程,根据MWD系统上传数据,分析轨迹控制、动态轨迹测量、随钻测井质量等效果。结果显示HSVP?系统的钻进效率高,上传速率快,定向及时准确,证明了系统在钻进过程中测井质量优良,为系统的扩大使用积累了作业经验。     

江苏宜兴市地质资源环境承载能力评价

当前资源环境承载能力的研究多针对区域尺度,县域尺度地质资源环境承载能力评价较少。以江苏宜兴市为例,基于承载本底和承载状态建立了评价指标体系,并从地质资源、水土环境和地质安全3个方面,开展了地质资源环境承载能力评价,为县市地质资源环境承载能力评价技术要求制定提供了支撑和参考。评价结果显示,宜兴南部丘陵山区地质资源承载能力大于北部平原区,地质安全承载能力则小于北部平原区,水土地质环境承载能力总体为中等水平,提出宜兴市应加强南部山区资源环境保护与地质灾害防范,中部地区水土污染重点防控,为宜兴市地质资源合理利用与地质环境安全保障提供科学依据。     

一种基于卫星编队InSAR的基线检测方法

研究的是基于卫星编队InSAR的基线检测技术,利用高精度的地面实验场数据,对高动态、分布式卫星条件下合成孔径雷达系统的InSAR基线参数进行检测。通过分析,提出一种改进的基于基线线性拟合的基线检测方法,并采用ERS真实数据进行基线检测实验,通过比较检查点高程和进行精度分析表明,采用该基线检测方法基线精度有很大提高,具有很高的实际应用价值。