海上导航信息远程传输监控技术研究与应用

将北斗通信技术、船舶自动识别系统技术、航标遥测遥控技术以及GPS差分技术进行有效结合,研制了海上导航信息远程传输监控系统,对我国中、远海海域装有AIS设备的船舶进行跟踪与监控、可疑船舶的辨认、船舶的岸基调度、航标遥测遥控、GPS差分信息远程播发等。相比单一技术的应用,海上导航信息远程传输监控系统不受天气条件限制,无需人员定期出海维护,具有设备集成度高、导航差错率低、功能全面、成本效益好等特点。     

退耕还林政策对山地植被空间格局变化的驱动分析

政策是引起土地利用和土地覆盖变化的重要驱动力之一.分析退耕还林工程实施对山地景观格局变化的影响,可以为土地的可持续利用和退耕还林的后续工作提供参考.利用人工智能神经网络变化测定技术产生2000至2003年间研究区植被变化图,由此产生两时期的植被图并结合景观指数定量分析和比较两时期植被景观格局的空间动态变化,并重点关注25°坡度以上的区域.研究结果表明,在2000年至2003年间,有部分松树林(约1757 hm2)转变成农业用地,混交林(约2718 hm2)转变成灌草丛,同时有部分灌草丛(约181 hm2)转变成松树林;农业用地(约1915 hm2)转变成疏生林,其中有65.4%的变化是发生在坡度为25°以上的区域.此外根据景观指数结果显示,云冷杉林、松树林、混交林和农业用地的面积有不同程度的增加,而疏生林和灌草丛面积明显减少.结合野外调查该结果表明,在退耕还林的政策驱动下部分农业用地被种植成松树林,有些农业用地自然转变成疏生林和灌草丛.但是同时也有些疏生林和灌草丛被开垦成农业用地.在景观水平方面,发现蔓延度和集合指数都有所减小,表明该区域景观破碎化程度有所增加.而景观的丰富度指数和均一性指数都有所增加,表明该区域内景观类型的优势度有所增加.     

青藏高原高寒草原土壤活性有机碳的分布特征

利用36个样点数据,分析了青藏高原高寒草原土壤活性有机碳(SAOC)分布特征.结果表明:(1)在水平方向上,SAOC含量呈现出东南高、西北低的总体态势和斑块状交错分布的格局,高值区主要集中在藏北高原腹地和喜马拉雅北麓湖盆区,不同草地型和自然地带SAOC含量差异显著;(2)在垂直方向上,不同草地型和自然地带0～40cm剖面SAOC含量分布状况,均可分为由高到低型、由低到高型和低-高-低型3个类型,表土层(0～10cm)与底土层(30～40cm)SAOC含量差异显著;(3)基于回归模型的标准系数法,分析了气候因子对高寒草原SAOC含量的影响程度,指出降水对高寒草原SAOC含量的贡献大于气温.     

中国大陆下扬子及邻区地壳结构基本特征：深地震测深研究综述

The Deep Seismic Sounding( DSS) projects carried out from the 1970 s in the lower Yangtze region and its neighboring area were reviewed in this paper,then the basic wave group features of those wide angle reflection / refraction record sections,and of the crustal structure are summarized. It shows that there were in total five clear wave groups on the record sections,which include the first arrival Pg,the reflection P1 from the bottom interface of the upper crust,the reflection P3 from the bottom interface of the middle crust,the strong reflection Pm from the Moho boundary,and the refraction Pn from uppermost mantle. In general,these phases are easily consistently traced and compared,despite some first arrivals being delayed or arriving earlier than normal due to the shallow sedimentary cover or bedrocks. In particular,in the Dabie Mountain region the seismic events of a few gathered shots always have weak reflection energy,are twisted,or exhibit disorganized waveforms, which could be attributed to the disruption variations of reflection depth,the broken Moho,and the discontinuity of the reflection boundary within crust. The regional crustal structures are composed of the upper,middle and lower crust,of which the middle and lower layers can be divided into two weak reflection ones. The crustal thickness of the North China and Yangtze platform are 30km- 36 km,and the Moho exhibits a flat geometry despite some local uplifts. The average pressure velocity in lower crust beneath this two tectonic area is 6. 7 ± 0. 3km / s. Nevertheless,beneath the Dabieshan area the crustal thickness is 32km- 41 km,the Moho bends down sharply andtakes an abrupt 4km- 7km dislocation in the vertical direction. The average pressure velocity in the lower crust beneath the Dabieshan area is 6. 8 ± 0. 2km / s.     

基于站点观测数据的气温空间化方法评述

基于统计学的插值方法是地理学、生态学领域研究气温空间化的主要方法之一,对获取精细化气温数据进行生态模拟具有重要意义。结合国内外气温空间插值的主要研究成果,对常用气温空间化方法进行了归纳、对比,探讨各种方法的适用性和不足之处,从而为涉及气温空间化的具体研究提供一定的参考,并探讨了各类方法优化的方向。不同方法的对比分析结果表明:各种气温空间化方法各有所长,在具体的应用中都取得过较好的效果,但并不存在普适性的方法,在实际应用时必须针对研究区域具体的地理特征进行方法适用性验证或对各类方法中的具体参数进行改进,才能实现区域气温的空间最优化模拟。根据气温场的物理分布特征,结合GIS技术,考虑地形等更多的相关因子以提高气温分布微观细节的模拟精度是未来重要的发展趋势。     

基于生态系统的适应(EBA)——概念、工具和案例

生物多样性公约将基于生态系统的适应(Ecosystem-Based Adaptation)(简称EBA)定义为:在总体适应战略中,利用生物多样性和生态系统服务,帮助人类适应气候变化的不利影响。随着气候变化对当今社会可持续性的影响不断增加,EBA正在成为国际社会适应气候变化的政策和行动支柱之一。介绍国际上EBA概念的历史由来、相关定义与特点进行,阐述了EBA的应用原则和相关分析工具,简要分析总结了国际上实施EBA项目取得的经验教训。     

CBERS-1林被信息挖掘的GIS多元分析

本文论述了基于知识的CBERS-1 CCD图像分割的波段优化组合方案.以及组合运算生成非线性波段比图像和筛选分析与应用。同时运用地学多元分析原理探讨了影响森林植被中灌木林、灌丛等类型影像特征的地形、地质岩性、成土母质等因素。讨论了基于地理信息系统(GIS)及其背景数据库,通过分类重编码的分析处理,以及与地学信息的融合挖掘分析,利用建模工具二次开发模型,分层提取和人机交互系统综合分析与制图,取得理想的效果。     

A New Ctenochasmatid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province

Based on a nearly complete lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur: Liaoxipterus brachyognathus gen, et sp. nov. is erected. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is different from any known pterosaurs with skulls preserved from western Liaoning Province and its peripheral areas in that the anterior part of the mandibular symphysis is expanded, being widest between the fourth alveolus of each side. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is assigned to Ctenochasmatidae based on the following characters: the rounded anterior end of the lower jaw is spatulated and dorsoventrally flattened and marked heterodonty in the dentition is absent. It differs from other ctenochasmatid pterosaurs in having relatively small number of teeth. Liaoxipterus is distinguished from some ornithocheirids, which have expanded anterior parts of the mandibular symphyses, such as Anhanguera piscator,Coloborhynchus robustus in which the teeth of the new pterosaur are not as variable.     

A New Theropod Dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng,Yunnan, China

A new theropod dinosaur, Shidaisaurus jinae gen. et sp. nov., has been described on the basis of an incomplete skeleton. The specimen was found near the base of the Upper Lufeng Formation (early Middle Jurassic) in Yunnan, China. It is the first theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Yunnan. Shidaisaurus jinae is distinguishable from other Jurassic theropods by certain features from the braincase, axis, and pelvic girdle. The absence of any pleurocoels in the axis or in any anterior dorsal vertebrae suggests that the new Lufeng theropod is relatively primitive and more plesiomorphic than most of the Middle to Late Jurassic theropods from China. Most Chinese taxa of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs have not been well described; a further detailed study will be necessary for us to determine their phylogenetic relationships with Shidaisaurus jinae.