地球物理在中国金属资源勘查中的发展任务

本文根据我国金属资源勘查的现状,提出了地球物理在隐伏矿勘查阶断的发展对策.在近期,着眼于方法综合和技术配套,使总体找矿能力达到300—500 m深度,满足当前找矿的需要.同时依靠科技进步加速基础研究,着眼于地球物理大三维全空间的勘查能力,重点发展高分辨率大深度勘查的高新方法,作为改造传统推动金属资源勘查的发展动力.力争在十年左右的时间里,总体勘查能力达到1.5—2 km.笔者认为,解决金属资源问题,最终取决于对金属资源与地壳上地幔深部结构(包括良导层)关系的认识.据此,建议在大型矿山进行深部矿根构造的MT调查,可能会有重要的突破.     

数字地形模型自动获取的一种新方案——辐射法

利用数字影像自动提取数字地形模型(DTM)的关键是影像匹配。匹配算法有基于特征的相关匹配和基于影像区域匹配两类,前者利用某种抽象的“特征”(一般为线段或点),而后者直接比较像素。但要同时满足DTM的精度,密度、可靠性和速度等要求,单纯引用某种特定的相关方法是不能有效地解决生产实际问题的。本文在分析现有几种典型方法的基础上,提出了基于特征点的辐射法,从而较为合理地兼顾了精度、密度、可靠性以及速度等指标。在AST 386微机上,无任何加速处理器,运行速度达到每秒1～3点,精度为子像素精度。     

吐哈盆地西部地区高蜡凝析油和轻质油的地球化学特征及成因分析

吐哈盆地西部地区中、新生界储层中广泛分布着轻质油和凝析油。这些原油具有低密度、低粘度、中等—高含蜡量的特点 ,含蜡量为 5 .5 %～ 2 2 .1% ,高分子量正构烷烃 (n C35～ n C87)含量较高 ,属中—高蜡轻质油或凝析油 ,其地球化学特征及成因机理既不同于常规的高蜡原油 ,又不同于一般意义上的凝析油。吐哈盆地中、新生界高蜡凝析油或轻质油主要来源于侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层中泥岩或煤 ,其形成主要取决于烃源岩的有机显微组分和有机质演化程度。研究区侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层泥岩或煤岩中有机显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主 ,壳质组中角质体和木栓质体含量较高 ,具备了既可形成凝析油 ,又可形成高蜡油的条件。由于镜质组与部分壳质组演化形成烃类化合物的活化能相当 ,因此又具备高蜡油与凝析油共生的地球化学条件     

Contents of Fixed-Ammonium （ NH4^＋ ） in Lamprophyres in the Zhenyuan Gold Orefield, Yunnan Province, China： Implications for Its Characteristics of the Source Region

This paper determined the fixed-ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) contents of lamprophyres in the Zhenyuan gold orefield, Yunnan Province, China. The results show that the NH₄ ⁺ contents of minettes in the orefield range from 120 × 10⁻⁶ to 469 × 10⁻⁶ and those of kersantites from 74.3 × 10⁻⁶ to 136 × 10⁻⁶. These values are higher than those of other mantle-derived rocks (less than 50 × 10⁻⁶), but lower than those of carbonaceous wall rocks in the orefield (from 1200 × 10⁻⁶ to 1343 × 10⁻⁶). Combining with the Sr isotopic composition, this paper suggested that lamprophyres in the orefield with high NH₄ ⁺ contents relative to other mantle-derived rocks would not have resulted from the primary magma contaminated by crustal materials in the process of rising or in the magma chamber, but from mantel metasomatism. This research project was financially supported jointly by the State Key Basic Research Program of the People’s Republic of China (No. G1999043203) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge-Innovation Program (No. KZCX3-SW-125).     

Geochemical Records of Mantle Processes in Mantle Xenoliths from Three Cenozoic Basaltic Volcanoes in Eastern China

Rare earth element (REE) contents, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were measured for three suites of mantle xenoliths from the Kuandian, Hannuoba and Huinan volcanoes in the north of the Sino-Korean Platform. From the correlations of Yb contents with Al/Si and Ca/Si ratios, the peridotites are considered to be the residues of partial melting of the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized REE compositions are diverse, varying from strongly LREE-depleted to LREE-enriched, with various types of REE patterns. Metasomatic alteration by small-volume silicate melts, of mantle peridotites previously variably depleted due to fractional melting in the spinel peridotite field, can account for the diversity of REE patterns. The Sr/ Ba versus La/Ba correlation indicates that the metasomatic agent was enriched in Ba over Sr and La, suggestive of its volatile-rich signature and an origin by fluid-triggered melting in an ancient subduction zone. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of these xenoliths, even from     

东坪金矿地球物理和地球化学找矿模式

东坪金矿产于华力西期偏碱性杂岩体内接触带中，成矿与地层、构造、岩浆演化密切相关，为石英脉（网脉）、钾长石化蚀变岩型金矿床。通过大量的物化探资料分析研究，建立了物化探综合找矿模式。     

锂氟花岗质岩石三端元组分的发现及其液态分离成因

从世界范围研究锂氟花岗质岩石发现有三端元组分,即富Na的翁岗岩(O)、富K的香花岭岩(X)和富Si的黄英岩(T)三端元,提出区分三端元的三角图和划分标志。该类岩体垂直分带表现出三端元O→X→T变化规律,反映在化学成分和标准矿物上,有随F含量增加,Q、C(刚玉)升高,ALK(K_2O+Na_2O)降低的趋势。根据三端元的熔体结构、粘度、密度差异和Na-K、Si-ALK分离规律,结合实验资料,认为三端元是不混溶为主的液态分离成因,与传统的分离结晶作用不同。     

云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩主元素对比及其意义

通过对云南老王寨金矿区新鲜、蚀变、矿比煌斑岩主元素对比,初步讨论了该区煌斑岩在蚀变、矿化过程中主元素的迁移规律,提出了三种煌斑岩主元素的判别方法;主元素对比结果对探讨煌斑岩与金矿化的成因关系有重要意义。     

基于零立体像对立体匹配的配后质量控制

立体匹配的质量控制对数字摄影测量产品的质量起着关键的作用。本文首先分析了现有的各种质量控制策略，然后根据正射影像同ＤＴＭ及匹配点位存在的固有关系，提出了用零立体像对再匹配作为立体匹配的配后质量控制方案，为立体匹配质量控制开辟了崭新的途径。