特殊地下空间应用与研究现状

特殊地下空间定义为在空间形态、结构、分布等方面具有特殊属性的一类地下空间,根据空间形成方式和属性将特殊地下空间分为天然存在和人为活动形成的两类。在总结天然气地下储存、二氧化碳地质封存、压缩空气储能、废液深井回注以及放射性废料处置等工程应用现状的基础上,分析特殊地下空间应用前景,提出随着特殊地下空间研究的不断深入,应因地制宜探索不同类型特殊地下空间开发利用方法和发展模式,促进地下空间的高效利用。     

Morphological comparison between a selected fast-growing strain and the common cultured strain of turbot Scophthalmus maximus

To evaluate the effect of genetic improvement of the turbot Scophthalmus maximus, we analyzed morphological differences between a fast-growing strain obtained by family selection and the common cultured strain, by principal component analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis, and t-tests. Although they clearly differed morphologically, plots of the principal components of the two strains partially overlapped. However, the difference between the strains was supported with very high precision by discriminant analysis. The t-tests revealed that 4 of the 13 morphological traits analyzed were highly significantly different (P<0.01), 4 traits also differed significantly (P<0.05), and the remainder did not differ significantly. The coefficients of difference of the 13 traits were all lower than the threshold value between subspecies (1.28). Together, the results indicate that a trend for segregation of characters from the common cultured strain have already appeared in the selected fast-growing strain but the degree of segregation have not risen to subspecies level.     

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Plankton Assemblage Structure in a High Altitude Saline Lake,Namuka Co in Northern Tibet,China

The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in saline lake Namuka Co, northern Tibet, China. The sampling was carried out at approximately monthly intervals from June 2001 to July 2002. The salinity ranged from 5.5 to 26 g/L. The mean annual air and water temperature showed a clear seasonal pattern, which was approximately 4.4 and 7.4°C, respectively, with the lowest water temperature in winter (from December to March, −1°C) and the highest in June and July (18°C). The results showed that 36 taxa of phytoplankton and 16 taxa of zooplankton were identified. Both the biomass and abundance of total phytoplankton were lower in the winter and peaked once or twice during the summer and spring in the early August (8.23 mg/L and 158.2 × 10⁶ ind./L). The seasonal variation in total zooplankton biomass and abundance was characterized by lower values in both winter and early spring, and one maximum (90.5 mg/L and 935 ind. L⁻¹) occurred in the late summer. Major phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Ulothrix sp., and Spirogyra sp. And major zooplankton species included Vorticella campanula, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, Arctodiaptomus stewartianus. The production of D. tibetana was 420.3 g m³ a⁻¹. The total number of plankton species has a significant negative correlation with the salinity.     

神北矿区环境承载力评价

以神北矿区为例,从区域环境承载力的概念出发,结合3S技术,系统分析了神北矿区环境承载力的影响因素。并以此为基础,建立神北矿区环境承载力评价指标体系。运用环境承载力评价量化模型,对神北矿区环境承载力进行了分析和评价。分析结果表明:评价指标中土地沙漠化、矿山开发、水质环境容量环境承载力超载,分别为-17.8%、-2.6%、-9.8%;水资源量环境承载力可载,为30.8%;矿区综合环境承载力仅为14.1%,说明矿区综合环境容量几达承载极限。      

广东新丰江水库极端旱情期浮游藻类功能群特征及与环境因子的关系

为了解极端旱情对新丰江水库的浮游植物功能群(functional group)的演替规律及驱动机制,在干旱期以月为频次开展浮游植物和水质调查。结果表明,水库旱情期(2021年)浮游植物功能群可归类为23个,其中功能群A/E/F/J/K/L_o/M/MP/NA/P/SN/TB/X1/X2/X3/Y频率较高,且A/E/F/J/L_o/MP/P/X3/Y为优势功能群,水库功能群变化趋势为A/E/MP/P/X3(1月)→E/L_o/MP(2月)→A/E/L_o(3月)→A/E/L_o(4月)→A/L_o(5月)→A/L_o/Y(6月)→A/F/L_o/MP/Y(7月)→A/F/L_o/Y(8月)→A/F/L_o(9月)→A/F/L_o/MP(10月)→A/E/F/L_o/MP/Y(11月)→A/E/L_o(12月)。适应贫营养生境的功能群A/E/L_o/Y等为旱情期藻类群落结构的主体优势类群。相关分析(Spearman)和冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,旱情期影响水库浮游植物功能群组成的主要驱动因子是水温和透明度。水库月度生态状态指数(Q)值范围为4.07~4.87,达到极好水平,说明旱情对新丰江水库浮游植物群落结构影响相对较弱。     

新疆精河6.6级地震前温泉水平摆异常特征分析

2017年8月9日新疆精河发生6.6级地震,本文以温泉台水平摆观测数据为研究对象,首先研究温度、水位对其影响,结果表明,水平摆NS向倾斜量滞后气温约114天,它们之间的相关系数为-0.620195;EW向倾斜量滞后气温44天,相关系数为0.8449978;NS向倾斜量滞后水位约17天,相关系数为-0.6886279。然后,利用回归分析,选取适当的回归模型剔除温度、水位对温泉台水平摆观测数据的影响。最后,对回归残差序列进行分析。研究认为,精河6.6级地震前温泉台水平摆倾斜量的异常特征为:(1)NS分量自2015年10月29日之后的年变畸变,精河地震发生后,于2017年8月11日转向N倾,异常结束;(2)EW向倾斜量自2016年5月13日起出现持续E倾变化,截至地震发生时E倾幅度达0.88″。     

Shaking Table Test Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Bridge Foundation Reinforcement on Slopes

With the fast development of bridge construction in mountainous and seismic areas, it is necessary to conduct related research. Based on the design of a shaking table model test, here are the following test results:the filtering effect exists in soil and is affected by the dynamic constraint conditions, the amplitude is strengthened around the natural frequency and weakened in other frequency bands in the Fourier spectrum. Since the acceleration scaling effect occurred on a sloped surface, the acceleration response decreases from the outside to the inside in soil. The dynamic response is relatively strong near the slip surface in bedrock due to the reflection of seismic waves. The failure mode of landslide is decided by the slope angle and slipping mass distribution, and the test shows the front row stabilizing piles should keep a proper distance from bridge foundation so that seismic resistance can be guaranteed for the bridge foundation.     

基于遥感影像的农村建筑物分类

利用面向对象的遥感影像信息提取方法对建筑物进行分类研究,选取张家口不同地区5个中等规模农村建筑为研究对象,根据建筑物特征信息从遥感影像上进行提取,根据信息提取调整后的结果进行建筑物分类,并与调研结果进行对比,结果表明:建筑物分类准确率达到80%以上,满足对张家口地区农村建筑物分类的需求,可以用来辅助完成对建筑物结构类型的实地调研,能够有效提高调研效率,服务于建筑物抗震设防调研。     

大孔径闪烁仪在黑河流域的应用分析研究

大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)是近年来发展较快的一种新型通量测量仪器,用以观测较大尺度上的感热通量变化.”黑河流域遥感-地面观测同步试验”项目在黑河上、中游地区不同下垫面貌一新建立了多个地面站,除常规气象参数、各辐射分量、土壤温湿梯度和热流以及涡动相关（EC）通量外,还在黑河上游阿柔冻融站及中游临泽草地站架设有大孔径闪烁仪.依据有关观测,着重分析大孔径闪烁仪所测感热通量的日、季变化特征.阿柔站所用数据时间段为2008年3月至2009年12月,临泽草地站为2008年5～8月.在与涡动相关通量数据进行对比分析中,除依据解析模式计算分析EC及LAS的源区差异及有关影响外,对不同大气稳定度下大孔径闪烁仪观测资料的质量控制、感热通量的计算方法等做了仔细分析,以提高LAS通量结果的总体质量.长期观测资料分析表明,大孔径闪烁仪与涡动相关仪的感热通量及其时间变化有较好的对应关系.部分时段的较明显差异,主要由二者源区所含下垫面类型的不同引起.多数情况下,LAS所测感热通量比EC的有关结果偏大,可能因为LAS的源区一般远比EC的大,大孔径闪烁仪所测通量有天然的面积平均效果.     

应用模糊统计和灰色识别评价水淹层

在评价水淹层的系统方法还未建立起来的情况下, 研究如何充分利用油田现有的资料来评价水淹级别将是很有意义的。本文提出了一种测井解释系统, 该系统先应用普通多维模糊统计方法从油层、水层和水淹层中识别出水淹层; 然后用灰色识别方法对水淹级别进行评价。应用结果表明, 模糊统计方法能可靠地识别出水淹层, 灰色识别方法对评价水淹级别具有良好的效果