基于多源遥感数据的震后恢复评估——以四川长宁MS6.0地震为例

通过植被指数和灯光指数定量评估地震发生后灾区的恢复情况,对灾区经济建设和生态恢复的评估具有重要科学意义。以2019年6月17日四川省宜宾市长宁县M_S6.0地震灾区为研究区,对月度NPP-VIIRS数据、MODIS-EVI数据和统计年鉴数据进行预处理后获得4种灯光指数和增强型植被指数(EVI),分别建立NPP-VIIRS数据和MODIS-EVI数据的非线性回归预测模型,预测地震年份的灯光指数和植被指数;通过预测数据和实际数据的对比分析,评价震后的恢复情况。结果表明：地震发生后灯光总强度(TNL)和EVI均明显下降,与震中距离越近的乡镇下降越明显;EVI数据的下降具有滞后性和持续性,夜间照明恢复优于植被恢复情况;地震对TNL的影响高于EVI,且随着距离的增加地震的影响程度逐渐减小。文章从经济和环境两个方面开展研究,对地震救援和震后恢复评价均有一定的应用价值。     

苏拉威西海周边地区全新世植被演化及气候变化

全新世时期的环境和气候变化是全球气候模拟、预测中不可或缺的资料.对苏拉威西海西北部MD98-2178孔(3.6200°N,118.7000°E,水深1 984 m)全新世的样品进行孢粉分析和浮游有孔虫氧稳定同位素测试,重建全新世苏拉威西海周边地区植被演化和气候变化图景.根据孢粉记录得到:在全新世早期至7 ka BP时,各孢粉组合浓度剧烈下降,指示海平面处于上升阶段;在7~4 ka BP时,各孢粉组合浓度都处于低谷,体现为高海平面期;在4 ka BP之后,孢粉记录则显示海平面有小幅的下降.在全新世中期,即5~4 ka BP,热带高山雨林花粉含量明显上升,表明是温度低值期.蕨类孢子记录显示降雨量在全新世早期是持续增加的,但在全新世中期之后,降雨量有所减少,这与陆地孢粉记录和印尼石笋记录的结果相似,体现全新世该地区降雨量受海陆格局和太阳活动共同影响.      

Crustal Structure of the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone and its Ophiolites, Southern Tibet

<正>The2000-km-long Indus-Tsangpo suture zone(ITSZ)in southern Tibet marks the boundary between the India and Eurasia plates and contains the remnants of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere,ophiolitic mélanges,flysch units and continental rocks.Field-based structural analyses and drill core observations from the Luobusa     

Abrupt Climate Change around 4 ka BP： Role of the Thermohaline Circulation as Indicated by a GCM Experiment

A great deal of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evidence suggests that a predominant tem-perature drop and an aridification occurred at ca. 4.0 ka BP. Palaeoclimate studies in China support thisdedution. The collapse of ancient civilizations at ca. 4.0 ka BP in the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia hasbeen attributed to climate-induced aridification. A widespread alternation of the ancient cultures was alsofound in China at ca. 4.0 ka BP in concert with the collapse of the civilizations in the Old World. Palaeo-climatic studies indicate that the abrupt climate change at 4.0 ka BP is one of the realizations of the coldphase in millennial scale climate oscillations, which may be related to the modulation of the ThermohalineCirculation (THC) over the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, this study conducts a numerical experiment ofa GCM with SST forcing to simulate the impact of the weakening of the THC. Results show a drop intemperature from North Europe, the northern middle East Asia, and northern East Asia and a significantreduction of precipitation in East Africa, the Middle East, the Indian Peninsula, and the Yellow RiverValley. This seems to support the idea that coldness and aridification at ca. 4.0 ka BP was caused by theweakening of the THC.     

大兴安岭哈达陶勒盖组火山岩年龄、地球化学特征及其陆缘弧构造背景

根据野外调查,将大兴安岭北段新巴尔虎右旗地区的一套火山岩归属为哈达陶勒盖组。通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得哈达陶勒盖组绿帘石化安山岩的年龄加权平均值为(254.3±7.9)Ma(MSWD=4.7),结合区域地层对比,将该组的形成时代置于早三叠世。根据元素地球化学分析,可将哈达陶勒盖组火山岩划分为中基性和酸性火山岩两类。其中,中基性火山岩岩浆可能来源于受俯冲作用影响的岩石圈地幔,并遭受到地壳物质的混染;而酸性火山岩岩浆则形成于地壳。结合区域地质特征,通过构造环境判别,该组火山岩的形成可能与蒙古—鄂霍茨克板块向南俯冲引起的陆缘弧背景密切相关。哈达陶勒盖组的厘定丰富了大兴安岭北段地层层序,也为大兴安岭地区区域构造演化和岩浆活动提供了证据。     

基于磁性地层和沉积地层特征对北京市南口—孙河断裂活动性评估

南口—孙河断裂是北京平原区一条重要的活动断裂,也是渤海—张家口断裂带的组成部分。本文通过开展钻探和样品测试(古地磁和14C测年)分析工作,利用沉积相分析和磁性地层学技术方法建立钻孔沉积地层的磁极性年代序列,并对南口—孙河断裂北段进行第四纪以来活动性进行分析和研究。结果表明:南口—孙河断裂北段第四纪以来的活动性变化特征表现为早更新世早期(2.58～0.99 Ma)活动性由强转弱,在早更新世末期(0.99～0.78 Ma)再次转强;中更新世(0.78～0.126 Ma)活动性转弱;晚更新世至全新世(0.126 Ma至今)活动性再次加强。这一规律与北京西山隆升基本特征吻合,活动性总体表现"强-弱-加强"的特点。     

Reconstruction of incomplete satellite SST data sets based on EOF method

As for the satellite remote sensing data obtained by the visible and infrared bands inversion, the clouds coverage in the sky over the ocean often results in missing data of inversion products on a large scale, and thin clouds di?cult to be detected would cause the data of the inversion products to be abnormal. Alvera et al.(2005) proposed a method for the reconstruction of missing data based on an Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) decomposition, but his method couldn’t process these images presenting ex...     

Hydrological Response of Runoff to Climate Change of Typical Tributaries in Ebinur Lake Basin of Xinjiang

In recent years, the natural hydrology behaviors were greatly influenced by climate change. The relation between runoff and climate change are always the core of scientific hydrological study in arid region. This paper presents a multi-variate time series controlled auto-regressive (CAR) model based on hydrological and climatic data of typical tributaries Jinghe River in Ebinur Lake Basin of Xinjiang covering the period from 1957 to 2012. The aim is to study the climate change and its effects on runoff of the Jinghe River, Northwest China. The results showed the following: the runoff of the Jinghe River was unevenly distributed and has obvious seasonal changes throughout the year. It was concentrated in summer and has along dry season with less runoff. The monthly maximum river runoff was from June to September and accounted for 74% of annual runoff. The river runoff increased since the 1980s till the 1990s; in the 21st century there was a trend of decreasing. The oscillatory period of annual runoff series in the Jinghe River Basin was 21a and 13a, and these periods were more obvious, followed by 32a and 9a. The oscillation with a time scale of 21a and 13a was a fulltimed domain. The MRE is 6.54%, the MAE is 0.84 × 10⁸ m³, and the RMSE is 0.039. The CAR model passed the F-test and residual test, and the change trend of calculated and measured values of annual runoff is consistence, which means that the model was reasonable.     

基于流动重力资料的平原地区深部构造解释

以河北省流动重力测点覆盖区域内邢台地区4条断裂为例,将卫星布格重力异常与实测布格重力异常进行对比,发现流动重力资料可更为详细地反映测点周围构造的空间分布特征,为精细刻画华北平原地区深部构造背景提供可靠资料。采用向上延拓方法,对实测布格重力异常进行处理,获得不同上延高度的布格重力异常图像,结合当地地震地质与构造资料进行分析,并对流动重力资料在构造解释上的应用前景进行展望,认为该方法可提高现有资料的利用价值,适合在流动重力测量地区推广。