五里营氦气受水位影响分析

延庆地震台五里营井逸出氦气受该井动水位异常变化影响,每日数据扰动大,影响原来的日变形态.对仪器的集气装置进行改造,把地面集气改为水下集气.既解决氦气受水位异常变化的影响问题,减小观测环境变化对氦气观测的影响,提高观测质量,对今后可能记录的地震前兆信息提供保障,对其他有此测项的台站有一定借鉴意义.     

长岛地区构造环境剪应力场的分布特征

利用山东数字地震台网记录资料,根据陈培善等用地震发生的断裂力学模式和震源谱理论,导出的震源处峰值加速度与构造环境剪应力值的关系,计算了山东长岛地区发生的中小地震构造环境剪应力值,并对应力场的分布状况和时空变化进行了分析。结果表明：剪应力τ值随矩震级（ML）的增大而增大,对两者作拟合得到它们之间较简单的关系为：τ=1.8...     

水文频率分析中抽样误差的统计试验研究

基于统计试验方法,探讨水文频率分析中抽样误差的分布问题。试验结果表明:小样本容量时,设计值抽样误差存在"系统性"偏小,误差均值小于零,随样本容量的增加,偏差逐渐缩小,趋于零均值正态分布;当Cv、Cs值较大时,抽样误差明显增大,小样本情况下还须额外考虑抽样误差均值的修正。     

洋山港海域一次冷锋型温带风暴潮特征及各影响因子贡献的对比分析

本文研究了由2020年12月29日至31日强冷锋引起的影响洋山港海域的温带风暴潮过程。通过气象观测数据分析了其天气过程, 并利用FVCOM-SWAVE波浪-风暴潮耦合模式对该过程进行了高分辨率的数值模拟, 同时结合潮位站及浮标站观测数据对模拟结果进行了验证, 分析模拟了波浪、潮流、风暴增减水特征。结果发现, 该次冷锋型温带风暴潮过程主要表现为先短时风暴增水后出现长时间风暴减水的特征, 最大风暴减水可达65~70cm, 其主要诱因包括研究海域气压的快速升高并维持、长时间持续的偏北大风及波流相互作用。相关敏感试验研究了3种因子对风暴增减水位的贡献大小, 发现风暴增水峰值期间风场贡献占比约为90%, 海平面气压场约为5%; 风暴减水峰值期间, 海平面气压场的贡献度约占55%, 风场约占40%, 而波浪的贡献均不足10%。洋山港航道内风暴期间潮流流速最大可达到2.6~2.8m•s^-1, 落潮时为东南向离岸潮流, 涨潮时为西至西北方向的外海潮波传入潮流; 洋山港航道潮流始终是东南或西北向, 此处流速辐合, 是洋山海域流速最高的区域。     

Assessment of social vulnerability to natural hazards in the Yangtze River Delta, China

China is exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, and disaster losses have escalated over the past decade. Owing to the pressure from natural disasters, along with changes in climate, social conditions, and regional environment, assessment of social vulnerability (SV) to natural hazards has become increasingly urgent for risk management and sustainable development in China. This paper presents a new method for quantifying SV based on the projection pursuit cluster (PPC) model. A reference social vulnerability index (SVI) at the county level was created for the Yangtze River Delta area in China for 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2009. The result of social vulnerability assessment was validated using data of actual losses from natural disasters. The primary findings are as follows: (i) In the study area, the major factors that impact SVI are regional per capita GDP and per capita income. (ii) The study area was more vulnerable in 1995 than in later years. SV of the whole region had decreased over the study period. (iii) Most part of Shanghai and the southeast part of Jiangsu Province had been the least vulnerable within the region. From this least vulnerable zone to the periphery of the region, the situation deteriorated. The highest SVI values in all evaluated years were found in the northern, western, or southern tips of the Yangtze River Delta.     

底部加强型多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能试验研究

为适应巨型框架结构发展,提出了一种底部加强型多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱。为了比较它与相应普通多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能的差异,进行了6个1/25缩尺的巨型柱模型在轴向压力或轴向拉力下的低周反复荷载试验研究。6个模型中:按底部截面构造区分,3个试件为底部加强型巨型柱模型,3个试件为相应普通巨型柱模型;按轴力作用方向区分,4个试件为轴压试件,轴压比分别为0.5、0.25,2个试件为轴拉试件,轴拉比为0.2。比较分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能和破坏特征。研究表明:底部加强型巨型柱与普通巨型柱相比,承载力、延性、耗能能力明显提高,刚度退化速度减慢,工作性能较稳定;轴压试件与轴拉试件相比,轴压试件抗震性能相对较好。     

增量动力弹塑性分析方法的改进及其应用

本文主要对增量动力弹塑性分析(IDA)方法的两个方面作了改进:(1)以增量动力弹塑性分析方法的基本原理为基础,以快速非线性时程分析(FNA)方法为计算工具,形成快速增量动力弹塑性分析(FIDA)方法。(2)仅以IDA分析结果为基础,建立地震易损性曲线及地震破坏概率计算的离散型式。为了校验本文方法的可行性与有效性,应用增量动力弹塑性分析、模态增量动力弹塑性分析与快速增量动力弹塑性分析计算一个14层筒中筒结构试验模型,比较了用上述三种方法的计算误差与计算效率,比较了传统方法与本文方法计算该模型结构的地震易损性曲线的差别。     

长江三峡地区仙女山断裂北端延伸问题探讨

The Xiannvshan fault zone, lying along the western margin of the Huangling anticline, is one of the most important fault zones in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The fault experienced strong activity during the Cenozoic Era. The question of whether the fault zone goes through the Yangtze River has been one of the key problems faced in previous studies as it has a significant influence upon the assessment of geological hazards and earthquake stability in the reservoir area. Based on tectonic and geomorphic observations along the fault zone between the Baixianchi village in Changyang county and Huangkou village in Zigui town, together with the comparisons between the geology in Guizhou and Quyuan town in the north bank of the Yangtze River and the Xiannvshan fault zone, it is suggested that the north end of this fault zone is located around Huangkou village and does not go through the Yangtze rivers northward. The evidence is as follows: ① On the basis of field data collection, it is found that the Xiannvshan Fault zone, which stretches 80km, underwent thrust movement in the Cenozoic period, resulting in ravines and fault scarps, topographically. Whereas, on the northern bank of the Yangtze River, faults are rarely found, and most of the faults are developed in the Jurassic strata,without topographical effects. Therefore, the Xiannvshan Fault zone has not stretched to the north bank of the Yangtze River. ② The fault gouge and tectonite zone were found developed on the Xiannvshan Fault zone at Baixianchi village, but only a tectonite zone was found at Zhouping village. There are also some branch faults close to the northern end of the fault zone. So, the activity of the fault zone weakened from south to north in Cenozoic. The fault zone extends northward and dies out at Huangkou. It doesn’t stretch forward any longer as indicated by continuous strata, sparse joints, and small folds, etc.     

利用濮阳地震集中区丛集地震P波走时差观测地壳介质的微动态变化

基于地震波及震相到时数据,经地震精定位及震中位置归一处理,给出了冀鲁豫交界地区地壳介质的微动态变化过程.结果显示,该区中等地震前部分台站记录丛集地震P波走时差滑动平均值出现中短期负异常,即地壳介质速度升高,显示出不同方位地壳介质承压状态存在差异.     

不同方向水平力下多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱抗震性能研究

提出了一种异形截面的多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱,研究了其在不同方向水平力作用下的抗震性能。进行了6个1/25缩尺的巨型柱模型在竖向荷载和不同方向水平反复荷载作用下的抗震性能试验研究,其中:2个试件的水平力沿截面长轴方向施加,2个试件的水平力沿截面短轴方向施加,2个试件的水平力沿与长轴及短轴呈45度方向施加,3种水平力加载方向的试件轴压比分别为0.5、0.25。基于试验结果,分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能和破坏特征。进行了数值模拟分析,计算结果与试验符合较好。研究表明,提出的异形截面多腔钢管混凝土巨型柱有良好的抗震性能,且其抗震性能与水平力作用方向相关。