内伶仃岛及其附近海面低层大气的平均结构

本文综合分析了内伶仃岛低空温、风探测资料和海岛及其附近海面大气边界层的平均结构,讨论了海陆环流,并把实测风速廓线与理论计算结果进行了比较。      

山东半岛风电爬坡事件的识别与天气分析研究

根据山东省24个风电场2013年全年每15 min的风电输出功率实测数据以及相应的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)气象预测数据和FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)再分析资料,分析了区域大规模风电爬坡现象与大尺度天气系统演变的联系。结果显示,大尺度天气系统,特别是阻塞高压系统,是诱发山东地区大规模风电爬坡的重要因素;爬坡事件的预测应当考虑天气演变的因素。进一步结合旋转门(The Swinging Door,TSD)算法重新讨论了爬坡事件的定义与识别,并在此基础上分析了爬坡事件的特征及其可预报性;并指出风电功率上报、考核制度应当重点考虑爬坡时间段的预测水平,以提高电网运行的稳定性。     

低矮植被的无人机激光雷达测高精度分析

针对无人机激光雷达估测低矮植被高度的精度大小,本文以3m以下低矮树木为研究对象,通过数值模拟方法得到不同航高、不同扫描角情况下激光脚点坐标和点云估测单一树木高度的最大测量误差值;对比实测树高,分析了激光点云估测树高的精度。结果表明,在航高为30m、扫描范围为(-50°,5°)的情况下,无人机激光雷达获取的激光脚点坐标误差和由激光点云估测低矮树高(3m以下)的误差均可以达到cm级;激光点云估测单一树木高度与实测高度的决定系数为0.977,均方根差为5cm,标准均方根差为4%。因此,应用无人机激光雷达数据可以快速、精确获取低矮植被高度信息,进而为反演植被生物量和植被长势信息监测提供重要依据。     

NCAR分析资料在大气边界层内误差的初步分析

通过比较1998年南海季风试验(SCSMEX)期间(1998年5月5日～5月25日,6月4日～6月20日)7个站点的探空加密观测资料与NCAR分析资料,分析了在大气边界层内分析资料存在的误差.结果表明:在大气边界层内,NCAR分析资料存在较大的误差.位温和比湿误差随着高度的增加呈现下高上低的特征.比湿的误差要大于位温的误差,7个站点的位温均方差最小值基本都小于1 K,最大均方差也不大于2 K,而比湿均方差最小值基本都大于1.0 g·kg~(-1),部分站点的误差最大值超过2.0 g·kg~(-1).初步说明,下垫面对NCAR分析资料误差的产生有较大影响,内陆地区和海岛地区的分析资料位温的误差比沿海地区大,而比湿数据则相反;在垂直方向上,分析资料的位温误差在0.98～1.33 K之间,比湿误差介于1.39～1.60 g·kg~(-1)之间.     

An Approach to Spectral Discrimination of Rocks Using ASAI and Rough Sets

Field data of outcrop spectrums provide important basis for modeling of hyper-spectral remote sensing aiming at mineral prospecting. We make an approach to the application of rough set theory in spectral discriminiation of rocks. We build a decision table with an adequate number of samples (out-crops) of known rock type (the universe), of which the conditional atributes are discretized “area spectrum absorption indexes“ (ASAI) corresponding to wavelength intervals, and the decision atribute is rock type. We search to obtain the exhaustive set of reducts of the table, each of which will serve as a variable number of deduction rules. Suppose we have n (usually a very big number) rules in total and there are m types of rocks in our universe, for any unknown sample, we judge its rock type by each of those rules. An unknown sample may be recognized as a different type by different rules because it is out-side our universe, and we accept the most frequent judgment result and ignore the other m-1 types of results. Our ASAI is an improvement upon the traditional spectrum absorption index (SAI), better applicable to field spectrums: given a spectrum curve and a wavelength interval, we take the average reflectance within the interval as a base line and let ASAI=αbelow/(αabove αbelow), where αbelow and αabove stand for total areas, bounded by the curve, the base line and the borders of the intervalbelow and above the base line respectively. With the equipments of FieldSpectr Fr (made by ASD Co., US), we collected data from Baiya gold deposit, Yunnan, and applied the above method to discriminate altered rocks as an experiment. The results show satisfactory performance of the method.     

近表磁异常与油气关系研究进展

本文对近年来国内外科学界关于油气产区与近表磁异常关系的研究进行论述。认为国外一些科学家提出的磁亮点以方法以及钻探岩芯及岩屑中的ＭＳＲＩ参数法都是新颖有效的。它为我们提供了一个新的思路,即从油气藏的烃渗漏问题入手,寻找与其有关的相关标志,来自国外的一些报导证实了磁性变化与油气资源间较高的相关性。而我国科学院家们在塔里木等地的工作,则进一步证实了方法的有效性。     

黄河倒灌渭河的数值模拟

根据渭河下游河道水沙及河床演变特性,提出了黄河倒灌渭河的数学模型.该模型不仅适用于黄河倒灌渭河时渭河下游河道水位、流量、含沙量及河床淤积的数值模拟,也适用于其它双向水流及干支流交汇或分流河段的水沙计算.验证计算表明,该模型能较好地反映黄河倒灌渭河时渭河下游水文泥沙因素变化.     

Modeling of earth’s gravity fields visualization based on Quad Tree

The problems of the earth’s gravity fields’ visualization are both focus and puzzle currently. Aiming at multiresolution rendering, modeling of the Earth’s gravity fields’ data is discussed in the paper by using LOD algorithm based on Quad Tree. First, this paper employed the method of LOD based on Quad Tree to divide up the regional gravity anomaly data, introduced the combined node evaluation system that was composed of viewpoint related and roughness related systems, and then eliminated the T-cracks that appeared among the gravity anomaly data grids with different resolutions. The test results demonstrated that the gravity anomaly data grids’ rendering effects were living, and the computational power was low. Therefore, the proposed algorithm was a suitable method for modeling the gravity anomaly data and has potential applications in visualization of the earth’s gravity fields.     

离散重力数据等值线生成算法

网格化是等值线图生成算法中的主要步骤,使用Shepard曲面拟合法、加权趋势面拟合法及普通克里金算法对重力异常数据网格化,从计算速度、网格化后数据连续性、网格化结果精度、网格化运算时间等方面对三种方法比较分析,普通克里金法拥有较好计算精度和图形连续性,但是计算时间最长,Shepard法计算精度不错、时间短,只是生成图形连续性差,趋势面法计算时间长、结果精度低,不是一种很适用的方法。     

几种重力异常内插方法的最佳参数选取

使用反距离加权平均法、多项式法、Shepard法以及克里金法分别对我国不同地形区域的重力异常数据进行插值,并得到每一种插值方法的最佳参数;当分辨率一定时,插值方法最优参数的选取是唯一的,与地形无关;当采用不同分辨率计算时,Shepard方法的拟合因子选取1、多项式的计算阶数选取2阶、克里金方法采用球状模型时得到的插值精度最佳,这几个参数的选取与已知数据的分辨率无关。