Computational modeling of cyclic mobility and post-liquefaction site response

Under seismic excitation, liquefied clean medium to dense cohesionless soils may regain a high level of shear resistance at large shear strain excursions. This pattern of response, known as a form of cyclic mobility, has been documented by a large body of laboratory sample tests and centrifuge experiments. A plasticity-based constitutive model is developed with emphasis on simulating the cyclic mobility response mechanism and associated pattern of shear strain accumulation. This constitutive model is incorporated into a two-phase (solid–fluid), fully coupled finite element code. Calibration of the constitutive model is described, based on a unique set of laboratory triaxial tests (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic centrifuge experiments. In this experimental series, Nevada sand at a relative density of about 40% is employed. The calibration effort focused on reproducing the salient characteristics of dynamic site response as dictated by the cyclic mobility mechanism. Finally, using the calibrated model, a numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the effect of excitation frequency content on post-liquefaction ground deformations.     

洞室数字正射影像展示图的生成

针对常规洞室研究成果缺少直观性和形象性的缺陷，综合了数字摄影测量技术和图像处理技术，把洞室的原始影像通过一系列数字处理，生成了数字正射影像展示图，加强了对洞室的自动化研究。     

长江口年代际冲淤演变趋势预测与应对策略

受流域来水来沙条件变化及河口大型工程建设的综合影响,长江口呈现新的冲淤格局,为预测未来演变趋势,本研究基于前期研究中建立的长江口年代际冲淤演变预测模型(Delft3D),未来情景考虑不同来沙量条件和相对海平面上升速率。预测结果表明,到2035年长江口整体以冲刷为主,口内河段主槽和浅滩边缘冲刷较明显,仅高滩局部淤积;到2050年口内河段保持净冲刷状态,拦门沙地区在现状来沙量条件下略有淤积,但在极端低来沙量条件下转变为净冲刷状态,海平面上升对拦门沙地区冲刷具有一定抵消作用,但不会使冲淤状态产生本质改变。本研究分析认为,长江口局部区域未来冲淤趋势可能对河口综合治理与保护产生不利影响,针对新格局条件下的滩槽河势稳定、重要洲滩保护、重大工程安全评估、冲刷致灾研判以及海堤防护标准再评估等方面提出了对策建议,可为新时期长江口综合治理与可持续发展提供参考。     

三维地震可视化解释技术及其应用

三维可视化解释方法与传统剖面解释方法不同,解释人员可以完全、快速地分析每一个层面而且可直接进行地层特征解释,分析构造细节特征,内部岩性变化特征及可能的地质异常。使人们定性、定量化地得到沉积环境、地层相带及油藏描述的解释。其次,可以找出储存在构造和地层圈闭中的新储量,确定有利的井位。     

利用测井曲线绘制煤岩层真厚对比图

采用三次样条函数拟合测井数据，并使用新的采样间隔对其进行采样，将采样数据映射到真厚的钻孔柱状图上，从而绘制出真厚对比图。实际编程中，为保证其拟合精度及计算效率，实际采用的计算步长一般为本层厚度加上下扩展10m。选择采样间隔时，可对测井曲线进行抽稀，以减小数据占用的空间。该方法的使用解决了长期以来地质与测井对比图工作分离、结论出现差异的问题。     

探空资料在地面云观测中的应用

云的观测在地面观测中非常重要,为了提高地面人工观测云的准确性,利用气象台站的探空资料,对相应时段的地面观测数据中的低、中、高三族云进行校对应用,增加目测云的准确性,减少因人为因素而造成的观测误差;并阐明探空资料应用于地面云观测中的可行性。     

WHCORS系统在武汉市第二次土地调查中的应用

介绍了WHCORS系统的原理和工作流程,分析了其在地籍测量中的广泛应用,验证了其测量精度的质量可靠性。     

A Case study of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station,Antarctica

A case of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station was studied using data of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analysis, in situ observations and surface weather charts. The storm occurred on August 29th,2006, and brought high winds and poor horizontal visibility to the region.It was found that the storm occurred under the synoptic situation of a high in the south and a low in the north. A low-level easterly jet from the Antarctic continent significantly decreased the air temperature and humidity.Warm air advection at high level brought sufficient vapor from lower latitudes for the snowstorm to develop.The dynamic factors relating to strong snowfall and even the developmentof a snowstorm were deep cyclonic vorticity at middle and low levels,the configuration of divergence at high level and convergence at low level, and strong verticaluplift. There was an inversion layer in the low-level atmosphere during the later phase of the storm.This vertical structure of cold air at low levels and warm air at high levels may have been important to the longevity of the snowstorm.     

强震区叠溪松坪沟景区地质灾害发育分布规律

以强震区叠溪松坪沟景区为研究范围区,通过多元信息手段调查,共发现地质灾害107处,其中崩塌82处,滑坡25处。地质灾害的发育分布的影响因素包括：原始坡度、高程、坡体结构、水系距离及断裂带距离等。灾害发育分布在坡度30°～50°数量多且规模大;高程2200～3400 m灾害发育数量多,尤其是高程2600～3000 m占总量的42.5%,规模则在高程为3400~3600 m较大;斜向坡体发育地质灾害数量及规模均较大,其次为顺向坡和反倾坡;水系对灾害一般最大影响距离为4.0 km,其中0～1.0 km范围内灾害发育,且规模较大;地质灾害沿地震断裂带呈次“串珠状”分布,0～2.0 km范围内最为显著发育,且符合一定的拟合规律。通过统计归纳分析,厘定了强震区叠溪松坪沟景区范围内地质灾害的发育的主要影响因素,系统的总结了其分布规律,为研究区内的基础建设以及防灾减灾提供了科学依据和参考。     

Water system characteristics of Karst river basins in South China and their driving mechanisms of hydrological drought

Natural Hazards - It is common knowledge that drought is considered one of the most damaging natural disasters in terms of economic costs, societal problems, and ecological impacts. In this study,...