我国陆地地表水体多年变化及其对地质灾害影响

近些年来我国东部平原湖泊面积减小,而西部高山区湖泊面积变大,同时西部高山峡谷区水库数量和面积都在逐年增加中。这或许会加大作为江河上游源头的西部地区洪水、泥石流等地质灾害风险,同时多年来东部湖面持续减小和地面沉降等又会加大内涝风险。上下游不同地区湖泊和水库的水量均衡调查、变堵为疏的淡水引水工程实施、雨季水资源的应急统一调配,是值得关注和研究的技术解决手段。     

有色示踪剂模拟槽实验图像分析法

图像分析法是处理有色示踪剂模拟槽实验结果的常用方法之一。本文以食用亮蓝为示踪剂,从污染物的检测精度和污染羽描绘的准确度两个方面将图像分析法与传统取样法进行对比,并利用Matlab编程对模拟槽内的污染物贮存质量进行定量计算。结果表明,与传统取样法结果相比：图像分析法的检测精度可提高1个数量级;污染羽的描绘准确度至少可提高3%左右,在实验所设置的非均质条件下可提高17%左右。利用自行编制的Matlab程序对本实验模拟槽内贮存亮蓝质量进行计算可得,当剖分格数为3 700²（1 369万）时,亮蓝贮存质量的计算值最接近实测值,最小误差仅为0.5%。综合来讲,图像分析法是一种准确度高、空间分辨率高的信息采集和处理手段,可实现对非均质地层中有色示踪剂运移过程更为精细的描述。     

陆面露水资源开发利用技术初探

简要归纳了陆面露水资源独特的生态和气候效应,分析了开发利用陆面露水资源的理论依据,并重点从局地气候条件的选择和陆水凝结面的改进2个方面讨论了陆面露水资源开发利用的科学思路和技术措施。     

NCAR绘图软件在Windows下的编程

介绍了NCAR绘图软件在Windows下的编程方法和具体实现，解决了在科研绘图工作中遇到的一些实际问题，对在Windows下编程的静态链接和动态链接进行了分析和研究，为Fortran编程员提供了在Windows下编程的基础。     

机载粉剂催化剂播撒设备的研制及其在奥运和残奥消云中的应用

人为引发的下沉气流可以抑制对流云的发展,这一现象已在试验中得到验证。用“人工下沉气流法”实施人工消云试验时,需在云顶大剂量的播撒粉剂催化剂。北京市人工影响天气办公室研制了能完成此类大剂量播撤任务的设备,并通过外场飞行试验对设备进行检验和改进。这是国内人工影响天气领域首个采用空投播撒法的粉剂催化剂播撤设备;可减少催化剂对飞机和播撤设备的污染。分析发现,新设备能够满足人工消云作业中播撒大剂量粉剂催化剂的需要。该设备在北京奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式当日的消云试验作业中投入使用,共实施消云飞行作业9架次,累计利用新设备播撒吸湿性粉剂催化剂34吨。     

Possible link between new coronavirus variants and atmospheric lightning and seawater intrusion

自新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发一年多以来,已经对全球产生深远影响.新型冠状病毒肺炎变异毒株的出现使当前疫情发展充满了不确定性.从这方面出发,我们讨论病毒变异与大气因素之间的联系.根据固氮过程和硝酸盐在人体中的转化过程,我们提出了新型冠状病毒肺炎变异毒株的出现或许和闪电以及海水入侵有联系.我们的研究对新型冠状病毒肺炎变异毒株可能的产生原因提供新的观点.     

Copula-based risk evaluation of droughts across the Pearl River basin, China

Daily precipitation data for the period of 1960–2005 from 42 precipitation gauging stations in the Pearl River basin were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall trend test and copula functions. The standardized precipitation index method was used to define drought episodes. Primary and secondary return periods were also analyzed to evaluate drought risks in the Pearl River basin as a whole. Results indicated that: (1) in general, the drought tendency was not significant at a 95 % confidence level. However, significant drought trends could be found in November, December, and January and significant wetting trends in June and July. The drought severity and drought durations were not significant at most of the precipitation stations across the Pearl River basin; (2) in terms of drought risk, higher drought risk could be observed in the lower Pearl River basin and lower drought risk in the upper Pearl River basin. Higher risk of droughts of longer durations was always corresponding to the higher risk of droughts with higher drought severity, which poses an increasing challenge for drought management and water resources management. When drought episodes with higher drought severity occurred in the Pearl River basin, the regions covered by higher risk of drought events were larger, which may challenge the water supply in the lower Pearl River basin. As for secondary return periods, results of this study indicated that secondary return periods might provide a more robust evaluation of drought risk. This study should be of merit for water resources management in the Pearl River basin, particularly the lower Pearl River basin, and can also act as a case study for determining regional response to drought changes as a result of global climate changes.     

海水入侵水化学指标及侵染程度评价研究

选择Ｃｌ＾,Ｍ、Ｂｒ＾－,ｒＨＣＯ３／ｒＣｌ及ＳＡＲ５项水化学要素作为综合判断海水入侵的指标：染程度划分为４级;确定了各项指标入程度的等级范围。入侵程度的衡理采用模糊数学综合判模型。     

考虑水文变异的黄河干流河道内生态需水研究

气候变化及人类活动导致水文变异,变异前后样本总体分布显著不同,即改变了当地生态系统的水文状况,打破生态平衡。本文使用滑动秩和检验(Mann-Whitney U检验) 分析水文变异,并对水文变异成因做了系统的分析。在此基础上,对变异前各月平均流量序列用线性矩法推求GEV分布参数,求出概率密度最大流量,并将其视为相应月河道内生态流量。本文用该法计算黄河干流7 站各月河道内生态流量,即得河道内生态需水情况。分析表明,考虑水文变异的河道内生态需水计算方法是可行的;水文变异后,黄河流域干流各水文站满足生态需水的频率大大降低,汛期降低幅度比非汛期大;黄河生态系统水环境恶化的主要原因是人类活动。     

743阳离子交换快速分离——ICPS-PGS2单道扫描直读光谱仪测定地质样品中15个微量稀土元素

本文采用过氧化钠(Na_2O_2)熔样,743阳离子交换树脂快速分离,0.4mol/L柠檬酸25ml洗脱稀土,无需浓缩,即可用lCPS-PGS2单道扫描直读光谱仪直接测定15个微量稀土元素。在选择的最佳测量条件下,本法测定下限为0.005~g/ml(Eu)-0.50μg/ml(Ce),标准加入回收在88％—110％之间,样品分析精度为3.3％—17％,样品分析结果与参考值相符。本法适用于一般地质样品中微量稀土元素的例行分析。