利用航磁资料判定东北南部地区几条主干断裂

近年来,利用最大熵功率谱法计算磁性体深度受到了地球物理界的重视。本文利用该方法求取东北地学断面磁性层顶、底界面深度,并结合航磁ΔTa异常图及相应滤波图,判定了该断面几条主干断裂的位置与展布,其结果有的与地质推断基本一致,有的则有较大差异。     

风对赛艇等户外静水项目有利赛道选择的影响

利用山东日照水上运动训练基地奥林匹克水上公园静水赛道两岸自动观测站近两年的逐10 min最大风实况数据,对两岸风向、风速的变化特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,水面对风的加速作用使赛艇、皮划艇等水上静水项目的比赛需要根据不同风况设定或调整有利赛道次序,并给出了弱风环境下的赛艇、皮划艇等静水项目比赛,根据不同风向风速判断和选择有利赛道的方法。研究得出：沿赛道走向,顺风、逆风或侧风风速小于3 m/s时,风对有利赛道的选择影响不大;侧风风速稳定大于3 m/s时位于水面上风方的赛道可依次设定或调整为有利赛道;而在风速稳定大于6 m/s时,静水项目的比赛可能无法正常进行。分析结果可为此类水上赛事裁判组制定和调整有利赛道提供依据。     

鲁西金矿成矿组分的聚集与演化

在地质研究的基础上, 以统计分析为主要手段, 通过对鲁西隆起区太古宙地层、中生代岩体以及不同时代金矿床化学组成的研究, 探索了成矿组分的可能来源、演化和聚集趋势, 提出了矿源层(岩) 中元素成矿活度的概念及定量计算方法.研究表明: (1) 在鲁西隆起区, 金的初始矿源是太古宙绿岩带, 金在其中具有双成分分布; (2) 从太古宙至中生代, 虽然成矿时代不同, 成矿作用各异, 但各类金矿床在成矿组分上对含矿建造具有明显的继承性; (3) 含矿建造中成矿组分超量点群与其背景点群的比例以及超量点群中成矿组分的平均质量分数在很大程度上决定了其后生热液矿床的成矿特征.      

组合粗差探测的MHSS ARAIM算法

针对目前MHSS ARAIM (multiple hypothesis solution separation advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring)算法存在的抗差能力弱、计算子集过多、计算量过大等不足,提出一种组合粗差探测的MHSS ARAIM算法。该算法先用粗差探测方法对原始数据进行粗差识别与剔除,而后用MHSS ARAIM算法处理经粗差探测后的数据,可弥补MHSS ARAIM算法的不足。对若干IGS和全球连续监测评估系统iGMAS(international GNSS monitoring and assessment system)监测站观测数据进行计算和分析。结果表明:在航行LPV-200阶段,该算法应用于GPS和BDS导航的性能优于MHSS ARAIM;在假设单故障情况下,该算法对GPS和BDS观测数据的有效监视门限EMT(effective monitor threshold)的精度分别提高了22.47%和9.63%,对VPL(vertical protection level)的精度分别提高了32.28%和12.98%;在假设双故障情况下,对EMT的精度分别提高了80.85%和29.88%,对VPL的精度分别提高了49.66%和18.24%。     

Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behaviour of submerged plane nets in current

The aim of this paper is to investigate the shape and tension distribution of fishing nets in current. A numerical model is developed, based on lumped mass method to simplify the net. The motion equation is set up for each lumped mass. The Runge–Kutta–Verner fifth-order and sixth-order method is used to solve these simultaneous equations, and then the displacement and tension of each lumped mass are obtained. In order to verify the validity of the numerical method, model tests have been carried out. The results by the numerical simulation agree well with the experimental data.     

孙殿卿先生与中国第四纪冰川

孙殿卿院士是我国第四纪冰川学奠基人之一.他是李四光教授最忠实的学生和助手,他不但继承了李四光教授的学术精华,在地质力学和第四纪冰川学方面还有创新和发展.     

热流─生热率线性关系研究综述

热流－生热率线性关系的发现被视为理论地热学上的一次重大突破，目前在全球范围内已定义了数十个热流省。但是，这一线性关系至今仍缺乏可信的理论基础。本文概述了热流－生热率线性关系的发展历史，综合介绍了２０多年来在地质、地球化学和地球物理等方面为正确理解这一经验线性关系的内在涵义而展开的研究，并对现有大陆热流省的资料进行了分析。     

Tomographic determination of 3-D crustal structure — Joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data

In this paper, the theory and method, obtaining the tomographic determination of three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust by use of the joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data, are given. The velocity distribution of the crust is regarded as a continuous function of the spatial coordinates without parametrization of the velocity model ahead, so that the inversion solution would not be influenced by different parametrization procedures. The expressions of integration kernels, which relates the two kinds of data sets, are also given. The authors have processed the observed data in Tangshan earthquake region by the method proposed in this paper, and obtained the tomographic results of the middle and upper crust structures in this region. The comparison of these results with the result obtained only by the explosion data, has also been made.     

Impacts of future climate change on agroclimatic resources in Northeast China

In this study, the spatial distribution and changing trends of agricultural heat and precipitation resources in Northeast China were analyzed to explore the impacts of future climate changes on agroclimatic resources in the region. This research is based on the output meteorological data from the regional climate model system for Northeast China from 2005 to 2099, under low and high radiative forcing scenarios RCP4.5 (low emission scenario) and RCP8.5 (high emission scenario) as proposed in IPCC AR5. Model outputs under the baseline scenario, and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were assimilated with observed data from 91 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010 to perform the analyses. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of temperature decreases from south to north, and the temperature is projected to increase in all regions, especially under a high emission scenario. The average annual temperature under the baseline scenario is 7.70°C, and the average annual temperatures under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are 9.67°C and 10.66°C, respectively. Other agricultural heat resources change in accordance with temperature changes. Specifically, the first day with temperatures ≥10°C arrives 3 to 4 d earlier, the first frost date is delayed by 2 to 6 d, and the duration of the growing season is lengthened by 4 to 10 d, and the accumulated temperature increases by 400 to 700°C·d. Water resources exhibit slight but not significant increases. (2) While the historical temperature increase rate is 0.35°C/10a, the rate of future temperature increase is the highest under the RCP8.5 scenario at 0.48°C/10a, compared to 0.19°C/10a under the RCP4.5 scenario. In the later part of this century, the trend of temperature increase is significantly faster under the RCP8.5 scenario than under the RCP4.5 scenario, with faster increases in the northern region. Other agricultural heat resources exhibit similar trends as temperature, but with different specific spatial distributions. Precipitation in the growing season generally shows an increasing but insignificant trend in the future, with relatively large yearly fluctuations. Precipitation in the eastern region is projected to increase, while a decrease is expected in the western region. The future climate in Northeast China will change towards higher temperature and humidity. The heat resource will increase globally, however its disparity with the change in precipitation may negatively affect agricultural activities.     

北大别造山后伸展期中-下地壳流动形式数值模拟研究

造山后伸展过程中,深部地壳的变形形式反映深部岩石圈的构造活动方式,是造山后伸展深部动力学研究的主要内容。本次工作以大别造山带造山后伸展变形构造为研究对象,在详细的构造观察和组构分析基础上,以实际变形组构为约束开展数值模拟,系统地研究伸展变形构造在垂向剖面上岩石变形机制的空间分布,进而揭示大别造山带造山后伸展过程中深部地壳的变形形式。野外观察表明,北大别穹隆边缘区域拉伸线理优选方位显著,而到穹隆中部拉伸线理定向性减弱,再到穹隆核部线理定向性有所增强。运动学上,北大别穹隆内呈现了一致的上盘向NW的剪切指向。以此为约束的数值模拟研究表明,大别造山带造山后伸展期中-下地壳流动方式总体上是介于透入性简单剪切形式与纯剪切形式之间的组合形式;垂直剖面上呈现为由上、下边界向中心简单剪切分量显著降低,中-下地壳流变带中部以纯剪切变形为主。我们用造山带加厚地壳的韧性垮塌和深俯冲的太平洋板块"后撤"来解释其动力学来源。