磁性下界面的正则化反演方法

根据磁异常反演磁性介质下界面,属于非线性问题,一般很难直接求解.本文采用将非线性问题线性化措施,建立起线性离散磁模型,然后应用线性规划的正则算法,设计了迭代求解方案.该方法不要求已知界面起伏的平均深度,只要求假定界面是连续的及磁性沿横向变化.算法便于对解施行物理约束,具有收敛快,精度高的特点.     

流域地貌系统的侵蚀演化与耗散结构

通过耗散结构的方法和概念,建立了流域地貌系统中熵产生和超熵产生的表达式。以此分析了流域系统的动力学机制,以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区为例,建立了流域地貌系统的侵蚀演化模型。定量描述了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区流域系统的侵蚀旋回,确定了流域的发育阶段。分析了流域系统侵蚀状况的空间不均匀性。     

吐鲁番盆地的干热环境特征

吐鲁番盆地降水稀少,气候炎热,本文从其降水、气温、地表水与地下水、土壤、植被等自然条件分析了盆地的环境特征。采用代表环境热力状况的年积温与水量平衡方程的比值为干旱指标,将盆地划分为湿润、半湿润、半干旱和干旱4个环境类型,9个区。     

关于部分变元的非常稳定性

本文利用极限方程的方法研究微分方程关于部分变元的多种非常稳定性,讨论了给定方程与其积限方程的非常稳定性的关系。     

地磁干扰噪声的实验观测

为探查1988年3月前后在北京地磁台附近出现的较明显的地磁干扰噪声,我们在苏家坨—卧龙岗一带布设了8个测点,开展了专门的地磁干扰噪声实验观测。结果表明,该地磁干扰噪声主要是来自香山一带的电磁干扰,其次是北京市的地铁干扰。此地磁干扰噪声出现于每天06~h—23~h(北京时),其主要频谱成分在短周期(T=2—4 m)部分。另外本文的观测研究方法对于监测地磁台站(测点)的环境状况,改正受污染的地磁资料等方面具有实际应用价值。     

关于Eofletcheria minima Lin et Chow的讨论

本文对 Eofletcheria minima Lin et Chow 分类位置重新修订,把该生物以动物界珊瑚动物门类中转移到植物界红藻门类里,并定名为 pseudoeofletcheria minima(Lin et Chow)Comb.nov.;同时认为生物化石分类的鉴定质量,对古生态的研究程度所做出的质量有重要的影响,同样古生态学的研究亦有助于重新去思索和确定一些生物化石的分类归属位置。     

Discovery of Early Tertiary Hydrothermal Activity and Its Significance in Oil／Gas Geology,Dougpu Depression,Henan Province,China

Data from the super-deep wells(PS10,PS14 and YS1)led to the discovery of widespread met-al-bearing hydrothermal fluids (or hot brines) related to basic magmas in the Lower Tertiary clastic sequence in the Dongpu Depression .In terms of SEM and EDAX analyses, pore-casting thin section examination of sandstone ,the composition and forming temperature of fluid inclusions ,the trace ele-ment composition of mustone and kerogen and organic geochemical analyses, it is demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids existing in the area studied are ejecting fluids, which have a close bearing on diagenesis and sedimentation, rather than intrusive veins along the tectonic fractures.The main indicators of hydrothermal activity are:(1)abnormal alteration of kerogen;(2) high-temperature altered mineral assemblage;(30abnormal distribution of hydrocarbons;(4) specific assemblages and abnormal contents of heavy metals in mudstone and kerogen;(5) specific composi-tion of complex compounds and assemblages of fluid inclusions in sandstone;(6) periodic basaltic magma activity.Results of geological observations and laboratory simulating experiments demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids have a close bearing on hydrocarbon generation in the Dongpu Depression. Two aspects of the effect of hydrothermal fluids are noticed:hydrothermal hydrocarbon production and strong metal catalysis in oil and gas generation.     

地震超声模型实验中的换能器

本文从换能器(即探头)的换能原理及夹心式探头的结构着手,讨论了杆状探头的结构和干扰波。对组合探头的原理和晶片谐振频率的选择作了较详细的分析,认为组合探头具有能量强、延续度短和分辨率高等特点,最后对探头的指向性也作了简要论述。     

广西南丹地区泥盆纪台间海槽沉积环境分析

广西“南丹型”泥盆系以黑色泥岩为主,富含浮游生物竹节石等,是一套受基底构造控制的并受其两侧碳酸盐台地影响的台间海槽沉积。沉积相类型主要为深水含竹节石泥岩相,泥灰岩相及硅质岩相。台间海槽从益兰期开始出现,其形成和发展在塘丁—纳标—榴江期,封闭可能在早石炭世之后。     

1901-1995年气候变化导致陆地生态系统净吸收碳

The spatial and temporal variability of land carbon flux over the past one hundred years was investigated based on an empirical model directly calculating soil respiration rate. Our model shows that during 1901-1995, about 44-89 PgC (equals to 0.5, 0.9 PgC/yr respectively) were absorbed by terrestrial biosphere. The simulated net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after the 1930s was close to the estimated value of" missing C sink” from deconvolution analysis. Most of the total carbon sink happened during 1951-1985 with the estimated value of 33-50 PgC. Three major sinks were located in the tropics (10°S-10°N), Northern mid-latitudes (30°-60°N) and Southern subtropics (10°-40°S). During 1940s-mid-1970s, carbon sinks by terrestrial ecosystem increased with time, and decreased after the mid-1970s. These may be due to the ch anging of climate condition, as during the 1940s-1970s, temperature decreased and precipitation increased, while after the mid-1970s, an opposite climate situation occurred with evident increasing in temperature and decreasing in precipitation. Usually, warmer and dryer climate condition is not favor for carbon absorption by biosphere and even induces net carbon release from soil, while cooler and wetter condition may induce more carbon sink. Our model results show that the net carbon flux is particularly dependent on moisture / precipitation effect despite of temperature effect. The changing of climate in the past century may be a possible factor inducing increases in carbon sink in addition to CO2 and N fertilizer.