Preliminary calibration results of the HY-2B altimeter’s SSH at China’s Wanshan calibration site

Satellite altimeter needs to be calibrated to evaluate the accuracy of sea surface height data. The dedicated altimeter calibration field needs to establish a special calibration strategy and needs to evaluate its calibration ability. This paper describes absolute calibration of HY-2B altimeter SSH using the GPS calibration method at the newly Wanshan calibration site, located in the Wanshan Islands, China. There are two HY-2B altimeter passes across the Wanshan calibration site. Pass No. 362 is descending and the ground track passes the east of Dan’gan Island. Pass No. 375 is ascending and crosses the Zhiwan Island. The GPS data processing strategy of Wanshan calibration site was established and the accuracy of GPS calibration method of Wanshan calibration site was evaluated. Meanwhile, the processing strategies of the HY-2B altimeter for the Wanshan calibration site were established, and a dedicated geoid model data were used to benefit the calibration accuracy. The time-averaged HY-2B altimeter bias was approximately 2.12 cm with a standard deviation of 2.08 cm. The performance of the HY-2B correction microwave radiometer was also evaluated in terms of the wet troposphere path delay and showed a mean difference ?0.2 cm with a 1.4 cm standard deviation with respect to the in situ GPS radiosonde.     

Efficient structural seismic performance evaluation method using improved endurance time analysis

Evaluation of structural performance under seismic excitations from low intensity to high intensity is essential to verify the seismic resistant capacity of a structure, and usually carried out by the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method or pushover method. The recently developed endurance time (ET) method is another method that uses dynamic pushover excitations, i.e., endurance time acceleration function, to obtain results similar to those obtained by IDA or pushover methods with low computational cost and acceptable accuracy. This study proposes an improvement on the ET method by considering more restrictions for both the elastic and inelastic response spectra in the generation procedure, and by specifying a target duration. Four reinforced concrete frame structures with 4, 8, 12, and 16 stories are adopted to verify the accuracy of the improved method. Comparison of the results obtained by the proposed method, the ET method and the IDA method shows that the improved method has a higher accuracy than the ET method. For evaluation of structural responses under specific ground motion intensity, which is typically required in seismic design codes, the results obtained by the proposed method are compared with five commonly used ground motion selection methods, and shows the proposed method provides acceptable accuracy for engineering applications.

     

内蒙古分区地壳一维速度模型的检验

基于“2015模型”和分区模型对比的方法,开展折合走时、典型地震、爆破和塌陷以及PTD震源深度测定4个方面的模型适用性检验。检验结果显示,采用分区模型时,随机抽取事件均位于折合走时理论线中间;典型事件、爆破和塌陷使用分区模型得到的定位残差较“2015模型”明显减小,且使用“3个区域与编目”获得的震中差较“2015—编目”有明显降低。使用分区模型进行PTD震源深度测定,更符合内蒙古分区地壳厚度分布特征。分区模型与全球地壳模型crust 1.0、crust 2.0和使用接收函数得到的Moho面厚度分布结果基本一致。综合认为,内蒙古西部、中部、东部一维地壳速度模型更符合内蒙古地区区域地质构造特征。     

主成分分析法在2013年灯塔M_S 5.1地震预测中的应用

以2013年1月23日灯塔M_S 5.1地震为研究对象,计算地震发生区域的地震频次N、b值、η值、A(b)值、M_f值、AC值、C值、D值、R_m值、能量E、响应比Y等11个地震活动性参数,并应用主成分分析方法,进行参数约简和数据挖掘,得到综合参数W,发现W在灯塔地震发生前有明显异常变化,说明主成分分析法在地震活动性参数的信息再挖掘中可以发挥巨大作用。     

A sophisticated simulation for the fracture behavior of concrete material using XFEM

The development of a powerful numerical model to simulate the fracture behavior of concrete material has long been one of the dominant research areas in earthquake engineering.A reliable model should be able to adequately represent the discontinuous characteristics of cracks and simulate various failure behaviors under complicated loading conditions.In this paper,a numerical formulation,which incorporates a sophisticated rigid-plastic interface constitutive model coupling cohesion softening,contact,friction and shear dilatation into the XFEM,is proposed to describe various crack behaviors of concrete material.An effective numerical integration scheme for accurately assembling the contribution to the weak form on both sides of the discontinuity is introduced.The effectiveness of the proposed method has been assessed by simulating several well-known experimental tests.It is concluded that the numerical method can successfully capture the crack paths and accurately predict the fracture behavior of concrete structures.The influence of mode-Ⅱ parameters on the mixed-mode fracture behavior is further investigated to better determine these parameters.     

Effect of seismic design details on hysteresis performance of SRC-RC transfer columns

Four types of seismic design details were tested using 11 transfer column specimens and one comparison specimen of RC under low cyclic reversed loading. Test results show that diagonal cracks control the failure pattern and damage occurs mainly in the RC section with weak shear capacity in the transfer columns. There is a large difference in the bearing capacity and ductility of the transfer columns according to the test results, which indicates that the strengthening effect of diverse structural measures is quite different. The section ratio of I-section-encased steel and the axial compression ratio also have a great influence on the bearing capacity and ductility. Although the bearing capacity of transfer columns with additional longitudinal bars and additional X bars is relatively large, they have poor deformation capacity. Setting more stirrups along the columns is the best structural measure to enhance the seismic performance. The studs on the I-sectionencased steel by welding can help to complete the stress transfer between the steel and concrete, and avoid performance degradation of the two materials due to bonding failure.     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology of tuffite beds in the Baishugou Formation: Constraints on the revision of Ectasian System at the southern margin of the North China Craton

Science China Earth Sciences - The Xiamaling Formation of 1.4–1.35 Ga in Jixian Section and adjoining areas represents a unique Ectasian Period (Mesoproterozoic) sedimentary sequence in the...     

沉积盆地中同生断层及对层控Pb－Zn（－B－Cu－Ag）矿床的控制

摘要：本文综述了同生断层控矿研究的进展,并结合在粤北地区的研究,论述了伸展及走滑盆地中同生断层的形成机制、特征和在盆地流体迁移和聚集中的作用以及与层控Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ（－Ｂａ－Ｃｕ－Ａｇ）等矿床的时空关系,认为沉积盆地中不同成因类型的层控矿床是盆地不同演化阶段的产物,成矿时空分异受同生断层和盆地流体系统的控制。     

利用地面自动化观测系统监测2011年北京大雾

利用北京地区地面自动化观测资料中的能见度、相对湿度及人工业务观测记录数据,结合卫星观测的雾厚度数据图,对2011年10月底至12月初的3次大雾天气过程进行了实时动态监测和数据分析,初步形成地面自动化观测资料在雾的监测过程中的应用产品,研究表明,利用能见度数据以及相对湿度数据可以完整地监测大雾的发生、发展、持续和消散过程,与气象业务上应用的卫星观测到的雾生消趋势基本一致,但是在生消时间的监测上更具优势。     

Spatio-temporal differentiation of climate warming(1959-2016)in the middle Qinling Mountains of China

Based on air temperature observation data from 32 meteorological stations, temperature changes in the middle Qinling Mountains from 1959 to 2016 were analysed with respect to the north-south, seasonal and altitude differences. Our research mainly showed the following results. The annual temperature(TA) rose approximately 0.26℃/10 a within the past 58 years. This warming trend was stronger on the northern slope than on the southern slope, and a warming trend reversal occurred in 1994 on the northern slope, which was three years earlier than on the southern slope. The temperature changes for the four seasons were not synchronized, and the trend in spring contributed the most to the TA trend, followed by winter, autumn, and summer. The temperature difference between summer and winter(TDSW) decreased significantly over the past 58 years. The temperature change in the middle Qinling Mountains was clearly dependent on altitude. With increases in altitude, the TA increased gradually and became stronger while the TDSW decreased gradually and became weaker. Differences in temperature change between the north and south were mainly observed in low-altitude areas. With increase in altitude, the differences gradually tended to disappear.